1. 1 - 1 CAREER OPPORTUNITIES IN FINANCE MONEY AND CAPITAL MARKETS INVESTMENT FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT

2. 1 - 2 MONEY AND CAPITAL MARKETS Many finance majors go to work for financial institutions, including banks, insurance companies, mutual funds, and investment banking firms.

3. 1 - 3 INVESTMENTS Finance graduates who go into investments often work for a brokerage house such as Merrill Lynch, KASB Securities etc. either in sales or as a security analyst.

4. 1 - 4 FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT Financial management is the broadest of the three areas, and the one with the greatest number of job opportunities. Financial management is important in all types of business, (cont’d)

5. 1 - 5 Including banks and other financial institutions, as well as industrial and retail firms. Financial management is also important in governmental operations.

6. 1 - 6 TYPES OF BUSINESS ORGANIZATIONS Sole Proprietorship Partnership Company / Corporation

7. 1 - 7 SOLE PROPRIETROSHIP It is formed by a single owner Liabilities are unlimited Profit / loss is for the single owner Decisions are made by single person

8. 1 - 8 PARTNERSHIP It is formed by a 2 or more persons. For Banking sector, partners limit is 2- 10. For other sectors, partners limit is 2-20. Follows Partnership Act 1932. Liabilities are unlimited. According to Banking Ordinance, banks cannot be formed with partnership in Pakistan.

9. 1 - 9 COMPANY / CORPORATION Before 1913, companies followed ‘Company’s Act 1856’. 1913 - 1984, companies followed ‘Company’s Act 1913’. 1984 till now, companies followed ‘Company’s Ordinance 1984. Liability is limited. For example, if shares are purchased on installment & company face closed due to loss then the remaining amount of share’s cost that is not yet paid is payable.

10. 1 - 10 Types of Companies Private Limited Earlier, Members were 2-50 Now, Member is 1 for single member company and 2-50 for ordinary companies. Restriction of transfer of shares

11. 1 - 11 Public Limited Earlier, Members were 7 - Unlimited Now, Members are 3 – Unlimited for unlisted companies and 7 – unlimited for listed companies. No restriction on transfer of shares There are two further types of Public Limited companies: Listed companies Non-listed companies

12. 1 - 12 CATEGORIES OF COMPANY Limited by shares Limited by guarantee. E.g., Stock exchange Unlimited company. (I.e. if not #1 or #2.)