1. Composition LO: To understand framing, focus and depth of field To apply this knowledge to our analysis

2. Shots are all about composition. Rather than pointing the camera at the subject, you need to compose an image.

3.  Depth of field (DOF) is the distance between the nearest and farthest objects in a scene that appear acceptably sharp in an image.

4.  The Depth of Field is a measure of how much ‘depth’ of an image will be in focus.  An image with large depth of field will have much of the image sharp and in focus.  An image with a shallow or small depth of field will usually have only a small part of the image sharp and in focus.

5.  TV dramas usually adopt a standard depth of field (FG & MG sharp) or deep focus where everything in the frame (FG, MG & BG) is sharp and in focus.  Doing this allows the viewer to register everything in the frame as important in the process of making meaning.  However, on occasions a shallow DOF may be adopted where only the FG is sharp, focussing the viewers attention on something particular.

6.  A large DOF = Deep Focus  A small DOF = Shallow Focus  If you think about a lense focusing on an object or person and what is behind or to the side of the object is blurry as that’s not the focus of the shot – that’s depth of field.

7. The area within the depth of field appears sharp, while the areas in front of and beyond the depth of field appear blurry. A shallow DOF – this is because it’s a close up shot

8.  https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=67A WHVk0qdE https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=67A WHVk0qdE  https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=34jkJ oN8qOI https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=34jkJ oN8qOI

9.  A creative camera technique where the focus changes during a shot – the focus changing from one subject to another.  Useful for directing the viewers attention

10. For example, if there are two people in shot but only one is in focus, that person is the subject of attention. If the focus changes to the other person, they become the subject.

11.  Framing is composing the image  Frame = each individual photographic image that makes up the film  Framing = the size and position of objects relative to the edges of the screen

12.  Character position within a frame can say a lot about their status, power and personality.  Because we read from left to right characters who, usually, occupy screen left or are positioned centrally are seen as the most dominant character at that moment in time. The same rule applies to characters who are positioned higher in the frame.

14.  Furthermore framing can be open or closed.  In an open frame the character will be surrounded by a lot of open space, possibly suggesting that the character is free, whilst if the frame is closed the character will be boxed in, prompting feelings of entrapment. Closed framing – character appears boxed into the frame Open framing – it’s easy to imagine what is beyond the frame

15.  This rule divides the frame into 9 sections  Points of interest should occur at 1/3or 2/3 of the way up (or across) the frame, rather than in the centre.

16. The Rule of Thirds The basic principle behind the rule of thirds is to imagine breaking an image down into thirds (both horizontally and vertically) so that you have 9 parts. As follows. principle behind the rule

17.  Eyeline can help to convey the emotions of a character and their psychological state of mind, their status and power and finally their relationship with the viewer (encouraging or discouraging identification and empathy)  Notice the range of emotion the following clip. How do Framing, eyeline and distance work together to generate meaning?  http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2M3moEeE rr8&feature=related http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2M3moEeE rr8&feature=related

18. Establishing Shot Boy isn’t visible Shows audience where the action is taking place Wide Shot Head and feet almost at bottom of the frame – safety room above and below – would look awkward if his head and feet touched the top of the frame If the next 4 shots followed, what effect could you say the framing has on the audience?

19. Headroom, looking room and leading room – these terms refer to the amount of room in the frame which is strategically left open The shot of the baby crawling has some leading room for him to crawl into, and the shot of his mother has some looking room for her to look into. Without this empty space, the framing will look uncomfortable. What do you think headroom is? In any "person shot" tighter than a MS, there should be very little headroom.

20.  Split essay into 3 parts  Part 1 – in the home  Part 2 – outside by the fire  Part 3 – outside in the village

21.  Identify the key things you are going to talk about for each part under each of the 4 areas from your notes.  This will be your plan.  I want to see a plan before you leave today  You can start writing it now  Remember – think about the effect!

22. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=h4zQ4k1R mJU&feature=bf_next&list=PLCE549D17B170 F6E1 Watch the clip from Rome and make notes under the following headings: Camera shots Camera Angles Camera Movements Composition We’ll watch it at least 5 times, the first as a ‘normal’ viewer then you can analyse once section at a time.