1. DIAS How to half N-losses, improve N-efficiencies and maintain yields? The Danish Case By Tommy Dalgaard (tommy.dalgaard@agrsci.dk), C.D. Børgesen, J.F. Hansen, N.J. Hutchings, U. Jørgensen and A. Kyllingsbæk. Danish Institute of Agricultural Sciences. Department of Agroecology. Plantekongres 2006. Session T96: Tools for reducing N-losses. Can we fulfil the WFD?

2. DIAS Programme Agriculture & Environmental problems __ in Denmark Developments in the N balance N-yields versus N-losses Catalogue of statutory measures to __ improve N-management _ - How half N-losses and maintain yields?

3. DIAS Intensive agriculture in Denmark 2,7 mio ha agricultural land (63% of total area) 5 mio people - 4,5 mio t milk - 24 mio pigs/yr 8 t milk/cow/yr 24 piglets/sow/yr 7,5 t wheat/ha/yr 7500 km coastline Drinking water = groundwater

4. DIAS Dairy Cows Pigs Wheat (1000’s) (1000’s) (1000 ha)

5. DIAS The nitrogen balance

6. DIAS Development phases N-importsN-exports NB: year 2000= index 100

7. DIAS I: Traditional livestock farming (1900-1950) NB: year 2000= index 100 II

8. DIAS II: The green revolution (1950-1983) NB: year 2000= index 100 I II

9. DIAS III: Sustainable development (1984-?) NB: year 2000= index 100 I II III

10. DIAS N-exports and crop yields

11. DIAS N-surplus, N-leaching and N-efficiency

12. DIAS Distribution of simulated N-leaching

13. DIAS Action plans to reduce N-losses 1985: Action plan to reduce N- and P-pollution 1987: First action plan for the aquatic environment (AP-I) (Aim: half N-losses and reduce P-losses by 80%) 1991: Action plan for sustainable agriculture 1998: Second Action Plan (AP-II) 2000: AP-II midterm evaluation and enforcement 2001: Ammonia Action Plan 2004: Third Action Plan (AP-III)

14. DIAS The 1985 Action Plan

15. DIAS AP-I for the Aquatic Environment

16. DIAS Action Plan for Sust. Agriculture

17. DIAS AP-II for the Aquatic Environment

18. DIAS Ammonia Action Plan

19. DIAS AP-III for the Aquatic Environment

20. DIAS Summary Improved N-management via: Mandatory fertilisation accounts Norms for fertilisation of crops Subsidies for new manure equipment and __ environmental friedly practices Extensive research, demonstration and __ advisory programmes Better utilisation of manures

21. DIAS Norms for manure N-utilisation % plant available N in manures

22. DIAS Conclusion The regulations have been succesfull and might serve as inspiration for other countries N-leaching almost halved from 1985-2004 Livestock production increased by 30% N crop yields sustained Still posibilities and environmental needs for improvements. Better methods for regionalised assessments needed for the implementation of the WFD