1. Career Counseling: A Holistic Approach
Chapter 15: Career-Related Programs for Career Development in Elementary Schools
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2. Career Related Programs
Essential in the educational process for all
Comprehensive career related programs that are currently in vogue are intentional and sequential
CCR (college & career readiness)
They begin in Pre-Kindergarten with the assumption that career development is a lifelong process
Should include experiential activities
Self-concept development is key
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Building Support
Requires counselors to justify program content and materials
Requires a sophisticated approach to justify time and effort in an already crowded curriculum
Requires an academic foundation
Collectively, parents, counselors and teachers should unite their efforts to foster the development of a sense of life purpose that is embraced by a significant work role in the future
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4. Cognitive Development and Learning
Jean Piaget was a noted expert in the field of cognitive development
Through concrete experiences, children learn to make consistent generalizations
Information-Processing Strategies for Learning
Suggest that human thinking is driven by mental hardware and mental software
The combinations of the two provide children and adults with the ability to accomplish tasks
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5. Learning by Observation
Observation is a contributing element to early cognitive development
Children are particularly prone to adopting the behavior models they observe
Bandura was considered an expert in observational learning
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6. Self Concept Development
Individuals have constellations of self concepts that denote sets of traits
Elementary students formulate self concepts as they focus on class requirements
Gottfredson focuses on the development of self images and occupational aspirations in four stages
Self concept is an ongoing process
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7. Development by Stages and Tasks
Stage theorists have concentrated on developmental patterns of accomplishments, events and physiological and sociological changes in human development
This perspective suggests a foundation for building effective career related programs
Differences in growth and physiological changes between girls and boys in elementary school greatly influence social relationships and emerging self perceptions
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The Family As a System
Family is a social system
Any system comprises interdependent elements that have interrelated functions and share common goals
Families are viewed as a composite of many factors
Family is a developing organism of roles and relationships that occur over the family life cycle
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9. Culturally Diverse Families
Counselors must be sensitive to the values and traditions of culturally diverse families
A historical continuity of unique roles by ethnic groups shape family identities
The roles and rules of family may differ from culture to culture and family to family
Counselors must evaluate the client’s level of acculturation when determining how counseling will proceed
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10. Influence of Family Interactions on Career Development
The elementary school counselor is challenged with the responsibility of developing and promoting very pervasive career development programs that include specific competencies
In the process, students discover the relationship between education and work roles, and learn more about themselves and the interrelationships of all life roles
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