1. Inventions and Innovations

2. FYI: Life in the 1860s No Indoor Electric Lighting No Refrigeration No Quick Postal Service East Coast to Midwest = 10 Days East Coast to West Coast = 3 Weeks Europe to US Frontier = Several Months

3. FYI: Life in the 1900s Power stations across the country began providing electricity for lamps, fans, printing presses, and many other appliances.

4. By 1900, there were 1.5 million telephones in use all over the country, and Western Union Telegraph was sending roughly 63 million messages.

5. Patents License to make, use, or sell an invention 1790-1860, 36,000 issued 1860-1890, 500,000 issued

6. Copyrights Same as a patent but for written material

7. Your task is to... Identify the item that is patented. Decide if it is for business/industrial use or personal use.

11. Early Cell Phones

21. Thomas A. Edison Setup research lab created a system for producing and distributing electrical power

22. Edison Perfected the light bulb

23. Edison Developed the phonograph Recorded sound – a first!

24. Edison Developed the motion picture camera!

25. Edison Freaks Out the President! Even though President Harrison was quite the “modern” President! Benjamin Harrison (President 1889-1893)

26. George Westinghouse Made electricity safer and less expensive. More effective air brakes for trains Developed long distance transmission.

27. Other Key Inventions Electric sewing machine Cameras (hand-held) Refrigerator

28. Meanwhile, back on the farm… Mechanical Reapers Sod busting plows Mechanized tractors Means less help was needed on the farm

29. Sometimes Inventions Are Accidentally Discovered

30. Sometimes New Technology and Inventions Aren’t Welcomed “Remote shopping, while entirely feasible, will flop.... Because women like to get out of the house, like to handle merchandise, like to be able to change their minds.” – Time Magazine (1966) “The Internet will soon go spectacularly supernova and in 1996 catastrophically collapse.” – Robert Metcalfe, co-inventor of Ethernet (1995) “There’s no chance that the iPhone is going to get any significant market share.” (2007 - too expensive) – Steve Palmer, Microsoft CEO

31. End here on Monday, 11/09

32. Your Turn! Let’s apply this to the life of the times!

33. Inventions and Innovations Part 2 Making Metal for New Machinery

34. The Old Way: What is happening here?

35. Making Metal for New Machinery Iron Puddler was responsible for heating the iron to the proper temperature to burn out impurities leaving wrought iron He has control of the final product, not the owner of the factory

36. The Bessemer Process - 1856 Henry Bessemer patented the process making the production of steel easier and cheaper. The Bessemer Process EQUALS Mass Production in steel industry

37. Process involves injecting air into molten iron to burn off excess carbon and other impurities.

39. Products Made of Iron From the Vulcan Museum, Birmingham, AL (a huge iron producing region)

43. Due to the Bessemer Process, a new age of building began to sweep the nation! The Brooklyn Bridge, designed with steel cables suspended from high towers, was made possible by mass production.

44. Skyscrapers! Strong steel (plus elevators) mean that America’s teeming cities can now grow upwards!

45. Elevators by Elijah Otis It took another innovation to begin the transformation of cities

46. “Old-timer – keeping up with the boys. Many structural workers are above middle-age.” Lewis Hine

47. Construction worker on lunch break while building the RCA Building at Rockefeller Center, 1932

48. Because of Steel The Railroad Industry Expands! Railroads help revolutionize business and industry several ways!

49. Rollin’, Rollin’, Rollin’ On May 10, 1869, the transcontinental railroad, extending from coast to coast, was finished with the hammering of a golden spike at Promontory, Utah.

50. Railroads and Industry 1.Provided a faster and practical way to transport goods 2.Lowered the costs of producing goods 3.Created national markets for buying goods 4.Encouraged innovation in other industries

51. And They Standardized Time! In 1883, the railroads adopted a national system of time zones to improve scheduling. a system we still use today.