1. Many of the figures from this book may be reproduced free of charge in scholarly articles, proceedings, and presentations, provided only that the following citation is clearly indicated: “Reproduced with the permission of the publisher from Computer Graphics: Principles and Practice, Third Edition, by John F. Hughes, Andries van Dam, Morgan McGuire, David F. Sklar, James D. Foley, Steven K. Feiner, and Kurt Akeley. Copyright 2014 by Pearson Education, Inc.” Reproduction for any use other than as stated above requires the written permission of Pearson Education, Inc. Reproduction of any figure that bears a copyright notice other than that of Pearson Education, Inc., requires the permission of that copyright holder.

2. From Computer Graphics, Third Edition, by John F. Hughes, Andries van Dam, Morgan McGuire, David F. Sklar, James D. Foley, Steven K. Feiner, and Kurt Akeley (ISBN-13: 978-0-321-39952-6). Copyright © 2014 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Figure 38.1 PC block diagram.

3. From Computer Graphics, Third Edition, by John F. Hughes, Andries van Dam, Morgan McGuire, David F. Sklar, James D. Foley, Steven K. Feiner, and Kurt Akeley (ISBN-13: 978-0-321-39952-6). Copyright © 2014 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Figure 38.2 NVIDIA GeForce 9800 GTX graphics card. (Courtesy of NVIDIA.)

4. From Computer Graphics, Third Edition, by John F. Hughes, Andries van Dam, Morgan McGuire, David F. Sklar, James D. Foley, Steven K. Feiner, and Kurt Akeley (ISBN-13: 978-0-321-39952-6). Copyright © 2014 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Figure 38.3 Graphics pipeline. This matches both Direct3D and OpenGL at this level of detail. Arrows indicate data flow while drawing.

5. From Computer Graphics, Third Edition, by John F. Hughes, Andries van Dam, Morgan McGuire, David F. Sklar, James D. Foley, Steven K. Feiner, and Kurt Akeley (ISBN-13: 978-0-321-39952-6). Copyright © 2014 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Figure 38.4 NVIDIA GeForce 9800 GTX block diagram.

6. From Computer Graphics, Third Edition, by John F. Hughes, Andries van Dam, Morgan McGuire, David F. Sklar, James D. Foley, Steven K. Feiner, and Kurt Akeley (ISBN-13: 978-0-321-39952-6). Copyright © 2014 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Figure 38.5 The CRAY-1 supercomputer was the fastest system available when it was introduced in 1976. (Courtesy of Clemens Pfeiffer. Original image at http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f7/Cray-1-deutschesmuseum.jpg.)

7. From Computer Graphics, Third Edition, by John F. Hughes, Andries van Dam, Morgan McGuire, David F. Sklar, James D. Foley, Steven K. Feiner, and Kurt Akeley (ISBN-13: 978-0-321-39952-6). Copyright © 2014 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Figure 38.6 Chained evaluation of the vector expression d = a × (b + c) on the CRAY-1 supercomputer. The floating-point addition unit takes six pipelined steps to compute its result; the multiplication unit takes seven.

8. From Computer Graphics, Third Edition, by John F. Hughes, Andries van Dam, Morgan McGuire, David F. Sklar, James D. Foley, Steven K. Feiner, and Kurt Akeley (ISBN-13: 978-0-321-39952-6). Copyright © 2014 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Figure 38.7 A MIP map includes the original image and repeated half-size reductions of it. The smallest image is a single pixel.

9. From Computer Graphics, Third Edition, by John F. Hughes, Andries van Dam, Morgan McGuire, David F. Sklar, James D. Foley, Steven K. Feiner, and Kurt Akeley (ISBN-13: 978-0-321-39952-6). Copyright © 2014 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Figure 38.8 Block diagram of a simplified GDDR3 memory circuit. For increased clarity, the true storage capacity (one billion bits) is reduced to 256 bits, implemented as an array of sixteen 16-bit blocks (a.k.a. rows). The red arrows arriving at the left edges of blocks indicate control paths, while the blue ones meeting the tops and bottoms of blocks are data paths.

10. From Computer Graphics, Third Edition, by John F. Hughes, Andries van Dam, Morgan McGuire, David F. Sklar, James D. Foley, Steven K. Feiner, and Kurt Akeley (ISBN-13: 978-0-321-39952-6). Copyright © 2014 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Figure 38.9 Diverging and nondiverging execution on a four-element predicated vector core. Each element executes the ten-operation shader A that branches on predicate p. In case B, all four elements take the no branch, there is no divergence, and only six execution steps are required. In case C, element one takes the no branch, but the other three elements take the yes branch. Predication handles this divergence by executing the no and yes operations separately, so all ten execution steps are required.

11. From Computer Graphics, Third Edition, by John F. Hughes, Andries van Dam, Morgan McGuire, David F. Sklar, James D. Foley, Steven K. Feiner, and Kurt Akeley (ISBN-13: 978-0-321-39952-6). Copyright © 2014 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Figure 38.10 A portion of a rasterization path that exhibits high 2D spatial locality.

12. From Computer Graphics, Third Edition, by John F. Hughes, Andries van Dam, Morgan McGuire, David F. Sklar, James D. Foley, Steven K. Feiner, and Kurt Akeley (ISBN-13: 978-0-321-39952-6). Copyright © 2014 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Figure 38.11 Intel Larrabee GPU block diagram. Compare this with the NVIDIA GeForce 9800 GTX GPU block diagram in Figure 38.4.