1. Introductory Unit Social Studies 9 Ms. Irving

2.  Abstract human concept  Can mean past, present, future  Refers to a measurable period in which people, actions, or conditions exist  We divide time to organize and coordinate our activities  Man has invented tools for measuring time (clocks & calendars) Pause: Do you know of any different types of calendars or clocks?

4.  Early stone monument  About 4000 years old

5.  Historians disagree what it was used for… But we know that because of the way the stones are arranged, it was definitely used to measure cyclical time.  One stone aligns with the sunrise on the summer solstice.  Other stones mark the 56 year cycle of the moon as it rises and sets at different points on the horizon.  Made it possible to predict solar and lunar eclipses.

6.  In Wyoming, First Nations built this medicine wheel

7.  The stones in the wheel align with sunrise at the summer solstice.  Approximately 200 years old.  Similar wheel in Moose Mountain, SK

8.  Cyclical Time – could happen over & over, natural cycles  Seasons  Sun/moon  Days of the week

9.  Linear Time – never repeats itself, future direction  1977  January 1, 2012  your first kiss  your birth  your death

10.  Absolute Time – precise, exact  705 C.E.  2:45pm June 26, 1949  Friday, January 28, 1876

11.  Relative Time – related or linked to some other event/time  I will meet you after Period 4 (each school starts period 4 at a different time…need to know that before you can know what time to meet)  I was born 2 years after my brother (need to know how old he is before we can know how old you are).

12.  Complete the examples on your handout  We will go over as a class

13.  Centuries – 100 year time periods  1307 CE = 14 th C CE  41 BCE = 1 st C BCE  1996 CE = 20 th C CE  2012 CE =

14.  BCE – Before Common Era  old terminology was B.C. (before Christ)  CE – Common Era  old terminology was A.D. (Anno Domini – in the year of the lord)  Our Reference Point is year “0” (the birth of Jesus Christ). 0  __|_______________|__________________|_

15.  332 BCE – Alexander the Great conquers Egypt  1066 AD – William the Conqueror takes over England  532 BC – Pythagoras starts his school in Greece  410 CE – Rome is taken over by the Visigoths

21.  Helps us to traces the origins of human society.  In order to find out about history before people kept written records, a time we call PREHISTORY, we can use archaeology.

22.  Had been called ‘the science of rubbish’  It is the study of human remains (bodies or bones), artifacts, and ecofacts.  Artifact - any objects with features that have been made by human activity (tools, weapons, ornaments, houses, food)  Ecofact - remains that were not made by humans but still provide some information that helps us to understand people of the past.

23.  Rock Carvings in St. Victor’s Park, SK

24.  Fossils are remains of plants & animals.

26.  Archaeologist make inferences about a society based on the artifacts and ecofacts that they discover.  INFER – to come up with a conclusion based on reasoning from evidence and examples (like a hypothesis).

27.  Locker Analysis