1. Antibiotics have saved millions of lives Antibiotics are losing their effect

2. Global mortality in infectious diseases (WHO estimates for 2002, from World Health Report 2004)

3. The Rise of Antibacterial Resistance and the Decline in Innovation The proportion (%) of MRSA among positive blood cultures of Staphylococcus aureus in The proportion (%) of MRSA among positive blood cultures of Staphylococcus aureus in England &Wales1989-2002 Antibacterial new molecular entities approved for use in the United States 1983-2002 From Kaplan, Laing et al., Priority medicines for Europe and the world, 2004

5. Increased knowledge on an increasing problem number of hits in Pub-MED for (antibiotic or antimicrobial) + resistance by 5 year’s periods

7. Seminar on the Global Threat of Antibiotic Resistance Exploring Roads towards Concerted Action Uppsala 5-7 May, 2004 Seminar on the Global Threat of Antibiotic Resistance Exploring Roads towards Concerted Action Uppsala 5-7 May, 2004 www.reactgroup.orgwww.reactgroup.org

8. Since May 2004…. The clusters –Communicating the message –Ensuring appropriate use –Ensuring supply of new antibiotics Some outcomes –Website (www.reactgroup.org) –WHA resolution –Priority medicines –Innovation study –Network broadened

9. Current and future generations of people around the globe should have access to effective treatment of bacterial infections.

10. Will we respond to antibiotic resistance in time? A seminar on the growing threat of antibiotic resistance September 14-17, 2005, Uppsala

11. The way forward? 1 + 1 >2

12. Will we React in time?