1. Exploration and Expansion
Chapter 11, Lesson 1-2
EQ: What factors contributed to the Europeans entrance into their age of discovery and expansion?

2. Academic Vocabulary: Chapter 11, Lesson 1-2
Caravel
Conquistador
Columbian Exchange
Treaty of Tordesillas ( pg. 194)
Mercantilism
Middle Passage

4. Technology Compass (China) Astrolabe (Arabs)
Triangle-shaped sails (Arabs)
Gunpowder (China)

5. Activity: Reasons for Exploration
Read pg. 192 “Motives and Means”
Complete the following web diagram
Reason #2:
Reasons for Exploration
15 minutes

6. Reasons for Expansion Trade with Asia Economic and political expansion
Marco Polo
Spices
Cut off by Arab empires
Economic and political expansion
Three G’s
Gold - Wealth
Glory – Power/Empire
God - Christianity

7. Portuguese
Traveled down coast of Africa (Gold Coast) and over to India (spices)
Prince Henry the Navigator – 1419, established a school for sailors
Bartholomew Diaz – 1487, Cape of Good Hope
Vasco da Gama – 1498, around Africa to India

8. Early Spanish Exploration
Columbus (1492)
Convinced Queen Isabella to support his journey
Landed on San Salvador, Hispaniola, and Cuba
Called natives “Indians”
Never realized he wasn’t in Asia
Magellan
1519 Portuguese sailor sailing for Spain
Sailed around S. America (Straight of Magellan)
Named and crossed the Pacific Ocean
Killed in the Philippines
Del Cano led ship that circumnavigated the world

9. Magellan’s Circumnavigation

10. Dividing the New World Spain and Portugal each claimed
Turned to Pope for help
1494 – Treaty of Tordesillas splits new territory
Brazil = Portuguese
Rest of South America = Spanish

11. Treaty of Tordesillas

12. Spanish Empire Conquistadors Encomienda
Cortes – took over Aztecs in Mexico
Pizarro – took over Incas in Peru
Encomienda
Indians were forced to work by the Spanish
Indians were converted to Catholicism
Bartolome de las Casas –monk; helped Indians

13. Activity: Graphic Organizer
Read Chapter 11, Lesson1. Complete a Foldable
(1)Portugal
Explorers (At least 2), year explored,
Regions Explored
Voyage Significance
(2)Spain *(except Columbus & Magellan)
(3) England, (4) France, (5)Netherlands
List the regions each country explored and explain how they settled these regions, and their voyages significance

16. Ch. 10, Lesson 1 Review Questions
How were Spain and Portugal able to take the lead in discovering new lands?
What were the results of Spanish and Portuguese conquest in America?
Summarizing: Use your graphic organizer on European Exploration to write a paragraph summarizing the major explores and the regions each nation explored?

17. Effects of Exploration and Expansion
Chapter 11: Lesson 2

18. Columbian Exchange
An large trade network, resulting in the exchange of plants and animals between Europe and the Americas.
Europe Received – corn, cocoa, potatoes, sweet potatoes, beans
Americas Received – horses, cows, pigs, sugar; ultimately disease (small pox)

19. Activity: Columbian Exchange :
Read the Columbian Exchange (pg. 199)
Answer the Guided Question: How did the Columbian Exchange affect the Americas and Europe?

20. New European Economic Systems
With exploration and conquest, Europeans followed two economic systems to strengthen their countries:
(1)Mercantilism – mother country benefits from having colonies by exporting more than they import; the goal is to gain large amounts of gold/wealth

21. (2)Triangular Trade – Europe, Africa, Americas trade key product: African slaves
First Leg—carried American raw products to Europe (e.g., cotton)
Second leg of triangle— ships carrying European manufactured goods (e.g., cloth,) to Africa to be exchanged for slaves weapons
Third leg (Middle Passage)— brought Africans to Americas to be sold.

22. Slave Trade Slavery not new to Africa
Africans are sent to Middle East for domestic work
Sugarcane (Portuguese)
Changed slavery for Europeans
Plantations in Caribbean and Brazil
Grew fast
16th century – about 275,000
17th century – over 1 million
18th century – over 6 million
African slave traders controlled slave trade
Middle Passage: route from Africa to the Americas
Destroyed traditional African societies as demand for slaves increased

23. Middle Passage

24. Activity: Middle Passage Documents
Work in pairs to analyze the documents.
Read the four quotes (one reads aloud the other writes down)
Is this a primary or secondary source?
What is taking place form the point of view of the author?
Focus on what is happening: How would you feel about what is going on? Are there any biases? Would you do anything about it?
Complete the Questions on “Points to Consider” (pg. 3)

25. Results of European Expansion
In Europe
Economically successful
Created rivalries as countries fought over colonies
In Asia
Increased trade with Europe
Beginning of “Western dominance”
In Africa
Dramatic increase of slave trade
European influence in the coastal areas
In the Americas
Destroyed native population
Began European dominance (Spanish)