1. İhsan TAŞKIN (1) Önder YAZICI (1) Müfit Şefik DOĞDU (2) (1) Retired from 13 th Regional Directorate of State Hydraulic Works (DSİ)-Antalya-TURKEY (2) General Directorate of State Hydraulic Works (DSİ)-Ankara-TURKEY Water Storage in Spring Reservoir by Changing Spring Discharge Level

2. Water Storage in Spring Reservoir by Changing Spring Discharge Level Presentation Plan: Presentation Plan: Location and geological map of the area Spring classification Spring discharge usage for drinking & irrigation water Artificial dynamic reserve after barrier construction Spring discharge & groundwater level changing Changing in dynamic reserve of spring after barrier construction Advantages of the system Comparison of the structures

3. Location & geological map of the area 1/9

4. Spring Classification Springs have been evaluated according to the aquifer base (aquifer geometry) which is located below, same or above level of the spring discharge elevation. Below Same Above 2/9

5. Spring discharge usage for drinking & irrigation 3/9 Spring is planned according to the minimum (and constant) spring discharge amount for drinking water purposes. Spring water is used for irrigation in between June & September. In other words, 2/3 of spring water is unused.

6. Aquifer reservoir base is below discharge level Artificial dynamic reserve after barrier construction & raising of the spring discharge elevation In this type of aquifer artificial dynamic reserve is plentiful. Artificial dynamic reserve 4/9

7. 5/9 Water usage Natural ConditionAfter barrier construction, raising of the spring discharge elevation & lowering of the discharge level Aquifer reservoir base is below discharge level Spring Barrier Aim of this system is storing of the water in the wet period and using of this stored water in the dry period.

8. Spring discharge & groundwater level changing Spring discharge & groundwater level changing are harmonize with each other. Average dynamic reserve changing per 1 m drawdown: Vs = 1.987 x 10 6 m 3 /m 6/9

9.  h = 2.54 m, Vs = 1.987 x 10 6 m 3 /m   V =  h x Vs    V = 5.05 x 10 6 m 3  V: changing in dynamic reserve of spring  h: changing in observation well’s water level Vs: unit dynamic reserve changing per unit level changing Changing in dynamic reserve amount of spring after barrier construction & raising of the spring discharge elevation 7/9

10. Advantages of the system:  Low construction cost  Low construction time  No need for nationalization purchase  No evaporation loss  Very low dissipation of the source (very low usage of natural construction materials & land use)  Useful for flood protection 8/9

11. Storage Type → ↓ Criteria ↓ Hacıbekar Pond Yelten Pond Yeşilyayla Pond Sum of PondsKazanpınarSpring Filling Volume (m 3 ) 52100041100064600015780006000 Concrete Volume (m 3 ) 16702500260067705 Drilling Length (m) 2850-55008350- Storage Volume (m 3 ) 12300001420000264000052900005050000 Efficiency (Storage/Filling) 2.43.54.13.35838 Comparison of the structures 9/9

12. Thank you for your attention… General Directorate of State Hydraulic Works (DSİ) Ankara - TURKEY