1. Regulatory Systems Hormones = molecules synthesized and secreted into body fluids Endocrine gland – ductless, secretes hormones into blood stream Exocrine gland – secretes chemicals into ducts What are the 2 communicatory and regulatory systems found in animals? Nervous system Endocrine system Feedback is common to both systems

2. Local Regulation Interleukins and histamines of immune system Nitric oxide Growth factors Prostaglandins: Intensify pain Induce labor Aspirin reduces effect of prostaglandins

3. Different Types of Hormones Steroid hormones, fat soluble Peptide hormones

6. Vertebrate Endocrine System

7. Hypothalamus and Pituitary Hypothalamus – 2 sets of hormones Tropic hormones – hormones that target other endocrine glands Which pituitary hormones are tropic? TSH, ACTH, FSH, LH

8. Thyroid 2 thyroid hormones both contain iodine Feedback in the thyroid gland regulates levels of T3 and T4 Feedback in the thyroid gland regulates levels of T3 and T4 Controls blood pressure, heart rate, muscle tone, digestion and reproduction. Hyperthyroidism causes high body temps, sweating and high blood pressure Hypothyroidism causes cretinism and weight gain Goiter is an enlarged thyroid caused by iodine deficient diet Calcium homeostasis includes parathyroid

9. Pancreas Is the pancreas an endocrine or exocrine gland? Exocrine gland that produces digestive enzymes Endocrine gland that includes islets of Langerhans Alpha cells secrete glucagon Beta cells secrete insulin Opposing hormones that regulate blood glucose levels

10. Diabetes What is the difference between type I and type II diabetes? Type I = juvenile diabetes, autoimmune disorder, can no longer make insulin Type II = late onset due to reduced responsiveness of receptor cells

11. Adrenal Glands What are the 2 glands associated with the adrenal glands? Adrenal cortex Adrenal medulla The adrenal glands respond to stress

12. Pineal Gland Near the center of the brain Secretes melatonin Controls biorhythms

13. Which hormones and glands are involved in the following situations? High blood calcium levels Contraction of mammary gland cells Low glucose levels Drinking alcoholic beverages Buying salt without iodine Pop quiz in AP Bio (short term stress) Sick member of your family (long term stress) High glucose levels Low calcium levels

17. What is the role of ADH and Oxytocin?

18. What are the roles of these hormones?