1. Evolution http://life.uiuc.edu/animalbiology/105/ ID: eee105 Password: prAIRie Lec 13 15Feb02

2. The ecological theater The evolutionary drama

3. Evolution by Natural Selection is not random Selection is non-randomnon-random

4. How are complex structures “designed” by natural selection?

5. Eyes have evolved in many animals In single celled animals light meters direction detectors In multicellular animals

6. Eyes have evolved in many animals a pinhole camera a shadow detector

7. Octopus eye is a camera eye

8. Vertebrate eye Octopus eye

9. Vertebrate eye Octopus eye Convergent Evolution a “backwards” retina a direct eye

10. How did eyes evolve? A better question is how do genes control the construction of an eye?

11. If a characteristic is genetically controlled it has evolved

12. Nature red in tooth and claw? not necessarily

13. e.g. mutualismoften cooperation Nature red in tooth and claw? not necessarily

14. Mutualism mycorrhizal fungi

15. Mycorrhizal fungi share nutrients with tree roots share nutrients with tree roots

16. e.g. mutualismoften cooperation Nature red in tooth and claw? not necessarily

17. Cleaning symbioses

19. Symbiosis = living together

20. often cooperation Nature red in tooth and claw? not necessarily e.g. pollination

21. Wind-pollinated plants have inconspicuous flowers

22. An example of coevolution Pollination

23. Bees see ultraviolet light nectar guides

24. Honeybees learn

25. and communicate flower location to fellow workers