1. Europeans and the Indians

2. Aztec vs. The Spanish
Early 1500’s: Spanish explorers arrive looking for gold, silver, and new land for Spain.
1519: Hernan Cortes enters with 600 soldiers.
Aztec ruler, Montezuma II thought he was a god
Explorers were welcomed and invited to stay in the rulers palace

3. Aztec vs. The Spanish
Aztec were frightened by the Spanish horses, guns, and cannons.
1520: Spanish brought over smallpox disease, killing thousands.
Disease spread through southern Mexico
Montezuma realizes that the Spanish are after gold.
Battles begin and Montezuma is killed.

4. Aztec vs. The Spanish 1521: Cortes conquers the Aztec’s
Cortes ordered the Aztec to stop sacrificing people.
Spanish destroy Tenochtitlan and build Mexico City
City was used as a center for their further conquest in the America’s

5. Inca vs. Spanish
1532: Spanish explorer Francisco Pizarro arrives with 180 men
Spanish want to conquer land, silver, gold, and to capture the Inca emperor Atahualpa
Atahualpa tried to make a deal to buy his freedom with silver and gold
Pizarro accepted the deal, then has Atahualpa killed

6. Inca vs. Spanish Pizarro captures the capital city of Cuzco
1535: Inca empire is crushed
Inca army outnumbered Spanish invaders
Smallpox and weapons greatly help the Spanish
Spanish also convinced other tribes to help fight against the Inca

7. Consequences of the take over..
New Spanish Empire stretched from California, Mexico border to the tip of South America
Thousands of Spanish move to the new empire
Spanish cultural influence is still felt there today
Religion / Language

8. Columbian Exchange Named after Christopher Columbus
Exchange of crops, goods, animals, and diseases between Europe and its colonies in the Americas after Columbus’ voyage in 1492

9. Europe Africa slaves Manufactured goods (beads, cloth, guns)
The Americas
Cotton, sugar, tobacco, molasses, rum
Africa
slaves

10. Columbian Exchange Decline of indigenous population:
New diseases are introduced into Latin America by European explorers
Smallpox, measles, whooping cough, influenza, malaria, yellow fever
Native Americans did not have immunities to these diseases, millions died
Between 1492 and 1650 more than 80% of Native Americans died of disease

11. Columbian Exchange Agricultural Change
New foods are brought to both Europe and Latin America
Europe gets: corn, tomatoes, peppers, pumpkins, squash, cacao beans
Latin America gets: wheat, barley, sugarcane, livestock like cattle, pigs, and sheep

12. Columbian Exchange Horses: Brought from Europe
Changes life in the Americas
Used for transportation until the early 20th century and labor in both farming and hunting

13. Old World (Europe, Asia, & Africa) Contribution New World
(The Americas)
Apples, bananas, citrus fruits, grapes, melons, peaches, pears
Fruits
Pineapples, tomatoes, papaya, strawberries
Broccoli, cabbage, carrots, lettuce, onions, radishes, potato
Vegetables
Avocados, green beans, pumpkins squash, peanuts
Barley, oats, rice, rye, wheat
Grains
Maize (corn)
Black pepper, cinnamon, cloves, ginger, garlic
Spices
Chili peppers, vanilla
Coffee, tea
Drinks
Chocolate
Sugar cane, olives, sunflower, cashew
Other Plants
Tobacco, rubber
Cattle, chickens, donkeys, goats, horses, pigs, sheep, rats
Animals
Guinea pigs, llamas, turkeys
Cholera, malaria, measles, mumps, small pox, typhoid, yellow fever
Diseases
Syphilis

14. What about Brazil?
While Francisco Pizarro is taking over the Inca empire, Portugal is taking over Brazil
Spanish and Portuguese settlers move to the new area
Looking for gold, silver, and to grow sugarcane to sell to Europe
Growing sugarcane is difficult, since Native Americans died from disease, they brought in slaves from Africa.
Slaves were also more immune to European diseases

15. Brazil and slavery
African slavery was important to the development of South America
Economies prospered because of slave labor
Brazil imported more slaves than any other country in the world
Slave labor helped Brazil to send gold, silver, and sugarcane to Portugal

16. Slavery in the islands
France, Netherlands, and England start claiming land for themselves
They also bring in African slaves to grow sugarcane
1700s sugarcane production in Jamaica and Haiti surpass Brazil
These colonies provide their home country with lots of money

17. 10 to 20 million people enslaved
Brazil million
Spanish Empire million
Caribbean 3 – 6 million
North America .5 – 1 million
10 to 20 million people enslaved

18. Europe brings culture
Spanish and Portuguese become the most common language
Religious practice of worship and human sacrifice is replaced with Catholicism
Missions are established to help spread Catholicism. This helped to also spread the Spanish language.