1. PIONEER IN PSYCHOLOGY SIGMUND FREUD

2. PSYCHODYNAMIC THEORY  Controversial  Complex  Complete

3. Case Studies  Dora  Little Hans  The Rat Man ORIGINS OF PSYCHODYNAMIC THEORY

4. UNCONSCIOUS CONFLICT Irrational Inner Struggles Repressed memories/emotion Aggression Sexual Violence How Can You Access the Unconscious Mind?

5. HOW CAN YOU ACCESS THE UNCONSCIOUS? Dreams Psychoanalysis (free association) Slip-of-the-tongue Hypnosis

6. WHAT IS PERSONALITY MADE OF? Three Parts ID EGO SUPEREGO

7. ID Operates on the pleasure principle Entirely unconscious Irrational/Impulsive Aim is to get rid of tension! Reduces tension through wish fulfillment (dreams)

8. EGO (EXECUTIVE) Operates on reality principle Takes into account external reality to get needs met Controls the id and superego Defense mechanisms help ego reduce anxiety

9. SUPEREGO (JUDGE) Represents the ideal Develops in the ego as a child assimilates parents standards (good/bad) Enforced through PRIDE-GUILT- INFERIORITY

10. DEFENSE MECHANISMS….THEY PROTECT THE EGO Denial= refusing to admit that something unpleasant is happening. Blocks perception & memory. Displacement= Putting your emotion onto a target- not the source of your emotion Projection= Attributing one’s own unacceptable feelings and impulses onto someone else. Rationalization= Justifying one’s behavior by offering a socially acceptable reason in place of the real reason. Reaction Formation= Transforming anxiety-producing thoughts or feelings into their opposites Regression= Mentally going “back in time” to safety Repression= Unconscious forgetting Sublimation= “Substituting” something undesirable with something that is socially acceptable

11. DEVELOPING PERSONALITY At each stage, a different part of the body becomes the child’s erogenous zone At each stage, conflicts occur. These conflicts need to be resolved to grow into a healthy adult. --------------------- Unresolved conflicts of childhood become adult Fixations

12. PSYCHOSEXUAL STAGES OF PERSONALITY DEVELOPMENT Oral Stage Pleasure from mouth, sucking, biting and chewing. Social conflict= Weaning Fixations: smoking/over-eating Birth- 1.5 years

13. ANAL STAGE: 18 MONTHS-3 YEARS  Toilet training: “Holding in” or “letting go”  Social Conflict=toilet training  Fixations: Messy, irresponsible, wasteful, neat, compulsive

14. PHALLIC STAGE: 3-6 YEARS Oedipus Complex Male children sexually desire their mothers- possessive love Fear or jealous (parent is rival) of same sex parent= Castration anxiety Electra Complex Female children sexually desire their fathers Anger at mother=Penis envy

15. HOW IS THE PHALLIC STAGE RESOLVED? Coping with threatening feelings leads to identification with the same sex parent. Superego gains strength and child incorporates the parents values. Identification with same sex parent provides our gender identity

16. LATENCY STAGE: 6-PUBERTY Sexuality is dormant Psycho Sexual development is on hold so children can develop social skills

17. GENITAL STAGE: PUBERTY Child develops sexual feelings toward others

18. HOW WELL DO FREUD’S IDEAS HOLD UP TODAY?