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Cells and Tissues 2 Lesson 2.1: Molecules of Life Lesson 2.2: Cells Lesson 2.3: Tissues.

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Presentation on theme: "Cells and Tissues 2 Lesson 2.1: Molecules of Life Lesson 2.2: Cells Lesson 2.3: Tissues."— Presentation transcript:

1 Cells and Tissues 2 Lesson 2.1: Molecules of Life Lesson 2.2: Cells Lesson 2.3: Tissues

2 Cells and Tissues Lesson 2.1 Molecules of Life

3 Molecules of Life carbohydrates proteins lipids nucleic acids water

4 Carbohydrates sugars or starch molecules simple carbohydrates
glucose complex carbohydrates glycogen

5 Proteins chains of amino acids amino acids linked by peptide bonds
protein structure primary secondary tertiary protein functions

6 Lipids fats and oils fatty acids glycerides phospholipids steroids

7 Nucleic Acids chains of nucleotides DNA RNA ATP base pairs
messenger RNA transfer RNA ribosomal RNA ATP

8 Water structure of water hydrogen bonding good solvent

9 Water pH acid base neutral

10 Review and Assessment True or False? 1. Proteins are made up of fatty acids. 2. Glucose is a simple carbohydrate. 3. A steroid is a type of lipid. 4. A nucleic acid is a chain of amino acids. 5. Water has one hydrogen atom.

11 Chapter 2: Cells and Tissues
Lesson 2.2 Cells

12 Cells anatomy and physiology of a cell DNA, RNA, and proteins
life cycle of a cell

13 Anatomy and Physiology of Cells
plasma membrane regulates in and out movement cytoplasm liquid and organelles inside cell nucleus control center of cell

14 Plasma Membrane Components
phospholipid bilayer cholesterol channel proteins aquaporins glycoproteins

15 Membrane Transport passive active no energy required diffusion
requires energy sodium-potassium pump

16 Cytoskeleton strengthens and shapes the cell fiber types
microfilaments intermediate filaments microtubules

17 Organelles in the Cytoskeleton
microvilli increase surface area cilia move mucus centrioles assist in cell division

18 Review and Assessment Match these words with 1–4 below: nucleus, cytoskeleton, cilia, passive. 1. no energy required 2. control center of cell 3. strengthens and shapes cell 4. moves mucus

19 Mitochondria and Energy
powerhouses of cell energy transformation glycolysis citric acid cycle make ATP

20 Golgi Apparatus makes vesicles makes lysosomes
move materials out of cell makes lysosomes contain digestive enzymes

21 Ribosomes and Endoplasmic Reticulum
make polypeptides endoplasmic reticulum network of membranes smooth rough

22 The Nucleus enclosed by nuclear envelope contains DNA nucleolus
wrapped around histones nucleolus makes ribosomal RNA

23 DNA, RNA, and Proteins DNA makes RNA RNA makes proteins

24 Life Cycle of a Cell interphase the mitotic phase mitosis cytokinesis
prophase metaphase anaphase telophase cytokinesis

25 Mitosis prophase metaphase anaphase telophase
chromatin condenses into chromosomes, cell membrane breaks down metaphase chromosomes line up in the center of the cell anaphase centromeres are cut in half, sister chromatids pull toward centrioles telophase chromosomes “decondense,” new nuclear membrane forms

26 Mitosis

27 Cytokinesis the cytoplasm divides into two parts, the final step of cell division

28 Cancer cancer cell grows too much grows where it does not belong
does not die when it should

29 Review and Assessment Fill in the blanks below with: mitochondria, metaphase, or ribosome. 1.The _______________ is the powerhouse of the cell. 2.The _______________ makes polypeptides. 3. _______________ is a stage of mitosis. 4. DNA is wrapped around _______________.

30 Chapter 2: Cells and Tissues
Lesson 2.3 Tissues

31 Types of Tissues epithelial tissue–lines and covers
connective tissue–supports muscle tissue–generates force nerve tissue–conveys information

32 Epithelial Tissue apical (outside) basal (inside)

33 Epithelial Cell Shapes
squamous flat cuboidal square columnar tall

34 Epithelial Cell Arrangement
simple one layer stratified more than one layer other transitional stretchable

35 Epithelial Glands secrete substances exocrine endocrine unicellular
multicellular simple compound endocrine

36 Review and Assessment True or False? 1. Connective tissue provides support. 2. Transitional epithelial stretches. 3. Cuboidal cells are flat. 4. Stratified means more than one layer. 5. Epithelial glands secrete substances.

37 Connective Tissue functions fibers strengthens the body and organs
protects internal organs maintains the shape of organs provides rigid framework for muscles to pull fibers collagen reticular elastic

38 Classes of Connective Tissue
connective tissue proper wide variety of locations and functions plays a role in immune defenses cartilage provides support and flexibility minimizes friction bone tissue (osseous tissue) provides framework, protects organs, supports body blood provides transportation, regulation, and protection carries oxygen and nutrients, and carbon dioxide

39 Types of Connective Tissue
connective tissue proper loose dense cartilage bone

40 Loose Connective Tissue
areolar–under epithelium reticular–spleen adipose–fat

41 Dense Connective Tissue
regular dense–tendons irregular dense–dermis dense elastic–large artery walls

42 Cartilage chondroblasts hyaline elastic fibrocartilage
ends of long bones elastic external ear fibrocartilage intervertebral discs

43 Bone osseous tissue protects organs supports the body

44 Types of Muscle Tissue skeletal cardiac smooth

45 Nerve Tissue central nervous system peripheral nervous system
glial cells neurons

46 Review and Assessment Match the following with 1–4 below: skeletal, collagen, nervous tissue, elastic cartilage. 1. muscle tissue type 2. external ear 3. fiber 4. glial cells

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