1. Verbs: The Heart of the Sentences

2. Lesson Overview What is a Verb? Kinds of Verb How Verbs Vary (變化)
- Person
- Basic Forms
- Tenses
Base Verbs & Helping Verbs & Linking Verbs

3. What is a Verb? Comes from the Latin verbum, “word”
Express an action or state of being
Every complete sentence needs a verb
Form (構成) varies according to person & tense (among other factor)

4. Kinds of Verbs Action Verbs
Describe an action: run, speak, cook, think
He runs to school.
Linking Verbs ( = )
Connect nouns or pronouns with their complements (other nouns, or adjectives or adverbs) : to be, to appear, to become, to seem
I feel happy.

5. Kinds of Verbs (cont..) Helping Verbs (be, have, do)
Have no meaning, but to help other verbs to form special tenses.
I have finished my dinner.
Other Helping verbs includes;
can, could ; may, might ; will would ; shall, should; must

6. Helping Verbs: To Be (present tense)
1. These _________ my friends.
a) are b) is
2. Robert _________ sick.
3. ________ he American?
a) Aren't b) Isn't
4. His tests ________ very difficult.
a) aren't b) isn't

7. Helping Verbs: 1. ________ he changed much over the years?
a) Has b) Does c) Is
2. ________ she Chinese?
3. ________ he like to drive at night?
4. ________ you normally read before you go to bed?
a) Do b) Are c) Have

8. How Verbs Vary: Tense Tense = time Simple present tense
Simple past tense
Simple future tense
Perfect tenses
Progressive tenses (V + ing)

9. How Verbs Vary: Tense
Progressive tense: action that are in progress (or “imperfect”(未完成式)) as of the chosen time.
I am waiting for the bus right now.
He was waiting for his friend to come.
My dog will be waiting by the door when I come home.

10. How Verbs Vary: Tense
Perfect tenses: actions that are complete (or “perfect”(完成式))as of the chosen time
I have waited for the bus every morning.
He had waited all day.
My dog will have waited by the door until I come home.

11. Future Tenses
1. Tomorrow I ________ (paint) all day. a) will be painting b) will paint 2. By the time we get there, the store ________ (close). a) will close b) will have closed 3. I ________ (see) you tomorrow at 3:00 PM. a) will see b) see 4. After we finish this video, I ________ (see) all of this director's movies. a) will see b) will have seen

12. Simple Past or Past continuous?
1. I ________ - I didn't hear you come in.
a) was sleeping b) slept
2. I ________ to see her twice, but she wasn't home.
a) was coming b) came
3. What ________? I was watching TV.
a) did you do b) were you doing
4. I ________ home very late last night.
a) came b) was coming