1. Historical Linguistics & History of English Tuesday, February 10th

2. ●UCSB Day Feedback ●Group 1 - we need your slang recording! ●Please turn in: o Slang investigation worksheet o Slang/accent/dialect worksheet o Video and survey consent forms ●Announce winning group for unit 1 ●Assign new groups for unit 2 Housekeeping

3. Today’s goals 1.To understand what historical linguistics is 1.To understand how English came to be the way it is

4. Historical Linguistics Historical linguistics is the study of the way languages change from ancient languages to the modern day languages that we speak. ●Some ancient languages were written (Latin, Sanskrit), so we know what they were like and how they changed. o Latin → Spanish, French, Portuguese, etc. ●Some ancient languages were not written, but we can guess what they were like based on their modern day descendants. o Proto-Chumashan → Barbareño Chumash, Obispeño Chumash, Ventureño Chumash, etc.

5. Don Daniels’ work

6. Language Families ●A groups of languages related through descent from a common language (“proto-language”) ●147 known language families = 7,000+ known living languages ● Largest: o Niger-Congo (1545) o Austronesian (1257) o Trans-New Guinea (480) o Sino-Tibetan (460) ●Many families have only 1-2 languages ●English and Spanish both belong to Indo-European (455) ●Represented by “family trees”

9. Language Families How can we tell languages are related? ●Sentence structure, ●Lexicon (words in the language) GERMANIC LANGUAGES English:Give us this day our daily bread Swedish:Give oss i dag vårt dagliga bröd Icelandic:Gef oss í dag vort daglegt brau∂ Dutch:Geef ons heden ons dagelijks brood German:Gib uns heute unser tägliches Brot

10. History of English What was interesting? Did you learn anything new? What were some of the factors that brought about changes in English?

11. ●Speakers of different language(s) come in contact o Migration, conquest/colonialism ●Jargon from specific COPs, enters mainstream speech o Religion, science, government and law ●Political conflict o Language of the ruling class vs. Language of common man ●Individual creativity ●Need for new words to describe new technology, science, culture ●Desire for economy, expressiveness ●Standardization Language Change: What factors can influence a language over time?

12. Pick the origin that you think is most likely for each word Vote: torpedo feckless calculus salary punk Etymology Activity

13. ●Why is historical linguistics important? ●What can we learn from it? ●Why does it interest you? Applications of historical linguistics

14. Please bring back the feedback form for Thursday. Homework for Thursday (graded): -Write one example in your journal of something you notice that might be the result of language change Questions?