1. HINARI Short Course

2. Table of Contents Background and Do’s and Don’ts Searching Strategies & Boolean Operators Sign In Procedures HINARI Website Features Participating Publishers’ Websites Features PubMed Searching from HINARI –Overview of PubMed Website –Limits –My NCBI

3. HINARI The Health InterNetwork Access to Research Initiative (HINARI) is coordinated by the World Health Organization (WHO) Collaboration between the WHO, publishers and other health care content owners To provide biomedical and health care research and guideline information to non-profit academic and research institutions, governmental and policy making departments in low income countries. AGORA (agricultural research) and OARE (environmental research) are similar programs

4. HOA URLs HINARI: health (<5,000 journals) http://www.who.int/hinari/en/ AGORA: agriculture (<900 journals) http://www.aginternetwork.org/en/ OARE: environment (<1300 journals) ttp://www.oaresciences.org/en/ http://www.who.int/hinari/en/ http://www.aginternetwork.org/en/ttp://www.oaresciences.org/en/ updated: 09 2008

5. Eligibility/Registration Institutions in countries with GNI (gross national income) per capita below $1250 are eligible for free access (Band 1) Institutions in countries with GNI per capita between $1250-$3500 pay a fee of $1000 per year / institution (Band 2) For details, see http://www.who.int/hinari/eligibility/en/ http://www.who.int/hinari/eligibility/en/

6. HINARI License Agreement List of terms and conditions for Phase 1 institutional users –http://www.who.int/entity/hinari/about/Lic ence%20Agreement%20Phase%201%2 0(free%20access).pdfhttp://www.who.int/entity/hinari/about/Lic ence%20Agreement%20Phase%201%2 0(free%20access).pdf

7. HINARI Do’s/Users Material owned by the Publishers made available through HINARI can be used by Authorized Users or Walk-in Users –An Authorized User: an institution’s or government department’s employee, permanent or visiting faculty, or student –Walk-in User: anyone who comes to the Institution’s premises and is permitted by the Institution to access services there

8. HINARI Do’s/Articles For HINARI Band 1 participants: institution may supply printed or digital materials (documents) to the institution’s employees, faculty members, students or another Authorized User remote access is permissible but limited to computers owned personally by employees or by institution publisher’s material may be placed in print Course Packs or placed in Electronic Reserves for students (delete after the end of the course)

9. HINARI Don’ts/Articles Downloading/Printing: users cannot download complete journal issues or books (per journal issue or book, 15% limit) Course Packs: academic and teaching staff –cannot make a profit from the publisher’s material –can charge for cost of printing only

10. HINARI Don’ts/Articles Document supply: Cannot distribute documents obtained through HINARI to any other individuals or organizations outside the registered institution Document fees: The institution may not supply the document for a fee except to recover cost of printing Uploading: Cannot upload the material to or post to a publicly available website or elsewhere

11. HINARI Don’ts/Content & Software Cannot –modify, adapt, transform or create any derivative work from the Publisher’s Material (consequence: immediate termination of the contract between the publisher and the institution) –modify, adapt, transform or create any derivative work or version from the Publisher’s access software or hosting agent –tamper or amend the Publisher’s access software

12. HINARI Don’ts/Access Do not give the Publisher’s Material or User Name/Password to other individuals or institutions –if others are interested in HINARI, send them to their institutions’ libraries Do not access HINARI while traveling outside the country Do not put the User Name/ Password on the Institution’s website –can put a link to initial page of HINARI or have information about HINARI

13. Suggestion Modify the ‘Do’s and Don’ts Template’ (Word document) for your institution Print copies and distribute to HINARI users - when you supply the IDs and Passwords Have each new users read the ‘Do’s and Don’ts’ and sign that they understand and accept the limits You will have fulfilled your responsibilities as a provider of the Institutional IDs and Passwords

14. Name of Institution HINARI USAGE POLICY Institutional ID: _______ Password:_______ HINARI DO’s Material owned by the Publishers made available through HINARI can be used by Authorized Users or Walk-in Users An Authorized User is an institution’s or government department’s employee, permanent or visiting faculty, or student Walk-in User are anyone who comes to the Institution’s premises and is permitted by the Institution to access services there Institution may supply printed or digital materials (documents) only to the institution’s employees, faculty members, students oranother Authorized User Remote access is permissible but limited to computers owned personally by employees or by institution Publisher’s material may be placed in electronic reserves for students to access in specified education courses (delete after the end of the course) HINARI DON’Ts Downloading or printing: users cannot download or print complete journal issues or books (per journal issue or book, 15% limit) Course Packs: academic and teaching staff may make copies in print or digital form of the Publisher’s Material for course packs; only can recover the cost of producing such course packs from the students; cannot make a profit from the Publisher’s Material Document supply: cannot distribute documents obtained through HINARI to any other individuals or organizations outside the Institution Uploading: cannot upload/post the material to a publicly available website or elsewhere Cannot modify, adapt, transform or create any derivative work from the publisher’s material, software or hosting agent or tamper with the access software Do not give the Publisher’s Material or ID/password to other individuals or institutions (if others at your institution are interested, send them to the Library) Do not access HINARI while traveling outside the country Do not put the ID and password on the Institution’s website; a link to the initial page of HINARI or information about the program is acceptable SIGNATURE:___________________________________ DATE:_____________ PRINT NAME:___________________________________

15. Exercise 1 Complete exercise 1 on the worksheet.

16. Searching Strategy Overview 1. Define your information need –What sort of information are you looking for? Is it for specific information? - from a data book, encyclopaedia, dictionary or textbook Is it general information within a subject area? Does the search require more thought and information? –Who is going to use the information? Is it for a clinician, researcher, student or a member of the public?

17. 2. Choose your search terms –What are the key phrases and/or unique words that might appear in a website or article? –Are there synonyms, alternate spellings, plurals or capitals that should be considered? –What broader topic is the search part of or related to?

18. 3. Decide which sources to use –What sources are appropriate? This can range from organizations’ websites and news articles to subject gateways and databases, journals, reference resources, e- books or reports and grey literature.

19. 4. Run the search Take the terms/keywords you have decided on Find the sources you are going to search Read the ‘Help’ page!! to find out how that particular tool works Run the search

20. 5. Review and revise your search –Be prepared to review and revise your search scope and strategy – by using other sources of information or other search terms or different combinations of terms or by using a different type of search –Try new sources of information (familiarity is sometimes too easy) –Start again near the beginning of this process if you need to See the INASP “Introduction to Using the Internet” workshop http://www.inasp.info/training/internet/

21. Boolean (Search) Operators Connect terms and locate records containing matching terms Inserted in a search box – AND, OR, NOT Must be in UPPERCASE when used AND, NOT operators are processed in a left- to right sequence. These are processed first before the OR operators OR operators are also processed from left- to-right

22. AND Operator (to combine two concepts) the AND operator is used to combine two concepts e.g. hip AND fracture – in the shaded area

23. AND Operator (to combine three concepts) the AND operator is used to combine three concepts e.g. hip AND fracture AND elderly – in the shaded area

24. OR Operator (info containing one or other term) renal OR kidney – in the shaded area with the overlap in the middle having both search terms

25. NOT Operator (in one term or the other) pig NOT guinea – in the shaded area; eliminates items in 2nd term (guinea) or both terms

26. Other search engine functions Phrase or proximity searching: “…” or (…) – allows you to search for an exact phrase “information literacy” prevention and (malaria parasite) Truncation/wildcards: * –allow you to search alternative spellings child* for child OR childs OR children parasite* for parasite OR parasites Alternate spellings: ? –can be used to substitute for characters anywhere in a word wom ? n would search for “woman” and “women”

27. Africa AND (malaria OR tuberculosis) malariatuberculosis africa Africa AND (malaria or tuberculosis) – in the shaded area The (OR) operator retains items in each term and the AND operator is used to combine two concepts

28. More Search Techniques Field Specific Searching –author, title, journal, date, url, etc. Language Restrictions, Humans or Animals, Gender and other limits (to be discussed in PubMed LIMITS) Relevancy Ranking –a grading that gives extra weight to a document when the search terms appear in the headline or are capitalized –every found document is calculated as 100% multiply by the angle formed by weights vector for request and weights vector for document found

29. Exercise 2 Complete exercise 2 on the worksheet.

30. HINARI Website This is the initial page of the HINARI website. Note in the left-hand column, that there are links to the Full-text journals, database and other resources, Eligibility, Register, FAQs and Training pages.

31. The HINARI website address To access the HINARI website enter the URL http://www.who.int/hinari.

32. Logging in to HINARI 1 Login to the HINARI website by clicking HINARI LOGIN.

33. Logging into HINARI 2 We will need to insert our HINARI User Name and Password in the Login box and click on the Login button. Note: If you do not properly sign on, you will not have access to full text articles

34. If you fail to use the Login page, you will have a second option on the Full text journals, databases, and other resources sub-page.

35. Once logged-in, you will be taken into the Full text journals, databases, and other resources sub-page of the website. Note the ‘You are logged’ in message. This proper login also can be confirmed by the http://hinari-gw.who.int/whalecomextranet... url http://hinari-gw.who.int/whalecomextranet

36. Accessing journals by title 1 Journals can be accessed by title from an alphabetical list. Note there also is a View complete list of journals option.

37. We have displayed the ‘L’ journal list. Click on the title for The Lancet. The green box notes access to the contents of the journal for you while the ! notes that your institution is denied access (predominantly Band 2 although some Band 1).

38. Accessing journals by title 4 Another window will open at the journal publishers’ website.

39. For each article, there are three options: [Abstract], [Full Text] or [PDF] formats.

40. You can get the article in Full Text or HTML format that includes links to sections of the article, bibliographic citations or related articles.

41. Full-text Article Access Problems Using the ‘Journals by title A-Z’ list, we are attempting to access a full-text article from the Blood. Although HINARI users should have access to this journal, we will use this as an example of ‘what could go wrong.’

42. Access problems can be caused by: 1)failure to properly LOGIN with the institution's User Name/Password 2)technical problems at the Publisher's website 3) or problems with local systems (configuration of user institution’s firewall, configuration of browser) 4) The publisher has not authorized access - mostly Band 2 countries Consequently, you may see a message on the Publisher‘ denying access and requesting LOGIN or payment for the specific article. Note: Your HINARI institutional ‘User Name/Password’ will NOT work.

43. To confirm that you have used the institutional User Name and Password correctly, check that you have the ‘You are logged in’ message. This also is confirmed in the address or URL search box of the web browser. If properly ‘authenticated’, you will see a URL that begins with: http://hinari-gw.who.int/whalecom...

44. Double check that you have completed the HINARI LOGIN. If this is not the problem, notify HINARI staff (hinari@who.int) so that they can communicate with the Publisher and resolve the problem. Note: make sure you include your institutional User Name, the name of the journal(s) and other details.

45. Accessing journals by via PubMed Click on the link to find articles through PubMed. Using PubMed will be covered in subsequent modules.

46. Accessing journals by subject 1 Click on the link to find journals by Subject.

47. Accessing journals by subject 4 An alphabetical list of Parasitology and Parasitic Diseases journals is now displayed with links to the journal websites.

48. By clicking on a journal title, you will open the journal in a new window: Trends in Parasitology.

49. Publishers’ Websites We can also access full text resources from Partner publishers’ services websites by selecting from dropdown menu (to be discussed in the next section).

50. Other full text sources 1 There are a number of Databases and (bibliographic) Indexes. these can be accessed from the list on the right- hand side of the website. CINAHL is a useful database for Nursing material.

51. African Index Medicus We have selected African Index Medicus.

52. Exercises 3-4 Complete exercises 3-4 on the worksheet.

53. Publishers’ Websites From the Partner publisher services dropdown menu, click on the Elsevier Science Direct website. Check for the ‘You are logged in’ message so that you have access to the full-text articles.

54. Publishers’ websites We have entered the Elsevier Science Direct website.

55. Searching – Science Direct Searching can be done across the publisher’s website by title, abstract, keywords, author or journal title. You also can browse by title and broad subjects in the left-hand column. The website also is a database of articles. In Science Direct, there are over 8,000,000 full text articles.

56. Science Direct 2 ScienceDirect allows us to search across journals within the Elsevier collection. In this example, we will go to the Search page and enter TUBERCULOSIS in the Terms box and select All Journals from the Source drop down menu.

57. Science Direct 3 These are the results for the search tuberculosis in All journals that located 5721 articles. The green box notes that, via HINARI, the articles are full-text available.

58. HighWire Within HighWire Press, you can access journals via keyword, author or A-Z title list. Note that some journals are a free site and others have free issues; HINARI access is a different mix.

59. Wiley InterScience 2 The Wiley website also allows us to browse journals by subject area or A-Z title list.

60. Exercises 5-7 Complete exercises 5-7 on the worksheet.

61. PubMed Overview From the main HINARI webpage, we can access PubMed by clicking on Search HINARI journal articles through PubMed (Medline). Note: you must be logged onto HINARI or you will not be able to access the full-text articles

62. PubMed Intro Page Welcome to the PubMed Homepage. This tutorial will look at the interface, display options, downloading and emailing results.

63. PubMed home page 2 Down the left-hand side of the PubMed homepage there are links to other PubMed resources including: Overview to PubMed, Help & Frequently Asked Questions, Tutorials and News items. Down the left-hand side of the PubMed homepage there are also links to other PubMed Services including: Journals Database, MeSH Database, Clinical Queries, LinkOut and Citation functions.

64. PubMed search box In this example we will enter a search for malaria infections in Africa into the Search or query box. To execute the query, click on the Go button. Malaria infections in Africa

65. Results - default display Results of the malaria infections in Africa search are displayed in the main body of the page. Note the two additional tabs for Free full text and HINARI articles (available since 07 2007). These are MyNCBI searches that are included in all the HINARI/PubMed queries (see module 4.5). Of the 1854 articles, 687 are available via the HINARI tab and 330 with Free full text tab ( there is some overlap).

66. Details page PubMed uses automatic term mapping. Details shows how the PubMed software breaks down the search statement. In this example PubMed searches for Malaria as a text word and a MeSH term because of the automatic term mapping. Africa and Infections are also searched as a text words and MeSH terms.

67. Display formats There are a number of different formats available to display results. From the dropdown menu we can see the possible choices. When using PubMed we will use either Summary, Brief, Abstract, Citation, or Medline. The other formats are for other NCBI databases. We have selected Summary from the available options. To change the display click on the Display button.

68. Summary format The Summary format displays the authors names, the title of the article, the title of the source publication with citation details, and the PubMed ID number.

69. Brief format 2 The Brief display shows the name of the first author, part of the article title, and the PubMed ID number.

70. Abstract format – full text links The Abstract Display option will show any links to publishers websites which may have the full text available. In this example we have a link to Elsevier and next to this is the HINARI icon which identifies access rights for HINARI registered institutions. Note: To display the HINARI icons that link to the full text documents, the Abstract format is required. Without proper HINARI login, you will not have the access to these full text articles.

71. AbstractPlus Example This is an example of the AbstractPlus Display. Note the relocation of the HINARI and Elsevier icons.

72. Number of records displayed There are a number of different options for displaying the number of references per page. These range from 5 to 500. It is advisable to download as many references per page as possible as this will save time when viewing results by eliminating the need to scroll through numerous pages. From the Show dropdown menu, 200 has been selected to re- display. To change the Show number, click on one of the options in the dropdown menu.

73. Sorting options Results can be ordered alphabetically by Author or Journal title, or by publication date. In this example, Journal has been selected from the dropdown menu. To change the alphabetical order, click on one of the options in the dropdown menu.

74. Selecting references To select references from the results list, we need to check the box on the left-hand side near the top of each record.

75. Selecting references 2 From the results page, records 1-4 now have been selected.

76. Send to Text option 1 The results selected can now be formatted for print by selecting Send to Text from the drop down menu.

77. Send to Text option 2 This option presents a printer friendly format for output to a printer.

78. Send to File 1 To download selected results to a disk drive, select Send to File from the dropdown menu.

79. Send to File 2 Open the file in Notepad and give it a.txt file extension. Click on Save File.

80. Send to Email 1 To email selected results choose Send to E-mail from the dropdown menu.

81. Send to Email 2 From this screen, we can choose a Format and Sorting order, and add Text notes. We will type in our email address in the E-Mail box.

82. Exercise 8-10 Complete exercise 8-10 on the worksheet.

83. PubMed Limits Here is the Limits page. Searches can be limited by restricting terms to fields or setting specific date or record tagging parameters.

84. Limits overview

85. Limit by Author(s)

86. Limit by Journal(s)

87. Limit by Free Full Text and Abstracts

88. Limit by Publication Date

90. Limit by Language, Type of Article, Topics and Ages

91. Exercise 11-14 Complete exercises 11-14 on the worksheet.

92. MY NCBI To access My NCBI, there are [Sign In] [Register] options on the top right-hand side of the webpage. You will now Register for My NCBI.

93. You now have to fill in a short Registration page. You will need to select a Username and a Password. Make sure this is written down for future reference. You will also need to set up a Security Question in case you forget your password.

94. For the 5 character image, enter this literally including capitals. An e-mail address is requested. When the form is complete, click on Register.

95. You will receive a confirmation e-mail from NCBI. Go to your email account and open the message - efback@mail.nih.gov Click on the hypertext link - the url or website address - that is below the ‘to complete your registration… ’ line. This will to verify the new My NCBI account.

96. After placing the MY NCBI website’s address in the search box, you will be sent to this page that verifies your email address. You can proceed to Sign in to MY NCBI.

98. To access My NCBI, you will need to Sign In with your Username and Password. Note: this is the process once you have registered and want to return to MY NCBI.

99. Proceed to sign into my NCBI by entering your Username and Password and clicking on either of the options.

100. Once in My NCBI, choose the Search Filters option from the left-hand menu. We need to choose PubMed as a database from those listed.

101. We have clicked on Frequently Requested Filters. Commonly requested filters are listed on this page and you can choose up to five. When we choose a filter, My NCBI will refresh and apply the filter. In this example, we will choose the Free Full Text Filter.

102. You now click on Search for Filters. In the Search for filters in PubMed Database box, enter HINARI and click on the Search button.

103. Filters matching the Search will appear below. Click on the box for Add as a result tab to apply it to your My NCBI account.

104. Now click on My Filters and your selected filters will be displayed. Remember that you can use up to five filters.

105. We have now completed a search for hiv and pregnancy. There are now three results tabs – All, Free full text, and HINARI. To retain this search, click on the Save Search hypertext link. Note: These three tabs are the default configuration when completing a HINARI/PubMed search.

106. We have now done a search for hiv and pregnancy. There are now three results tabs – All, Free full text, and HINARI. To retain this search, click on the Save Search link. Note: These three tabs are the default configuration when completing a HINARI/PubMed search. MY NCBI gives you the option to save or cancel the specific search. In this case, you will save the search.

107. Proceed to a ‘yes’ option to receive email updates. In this example, the ‘Tuesday’ once a week and sent text- email options have been chosen from the drop down menus. You may choose the options you prefer.

108. In this example, the ‘Abstract’ option for Report format has been chosen. You may choose the option you prefer.

109. Here, the ‘5 items’ option for the Number of Items option has been chosen from the drop down menu. Again, you may choose the option you prefer.

110. When you enter the My Saved Data, you can see a list of the saved searches - ‘hiv and pregnancy’ and ‘malaria and bednets’ in this example. From this page, you can re-run a search by clicking on the title of the search. You also have the option to Delete PubMed Searches.

111. Exercises 15-18 Complete exercises 15-18 on the worksheet. You have completed the HINARI Short Course! For further instruction, go to the HINARI Training page at http://www.who.int/training/en/ http://www.who.int/training/en/ Updated 10 2008