1. Feudal Society
in Japan

2. Founded the Kamakura Shogunate: 1185-1333
Minamoto Yoritomo
Founded the Kamakura Shogunate:

3. The emperor reigned, but did not always rule!
Feudal Society

4. Feudal Society in Japan
Emperor: a “figurehead” – Traditional or ceremonial powers ONLY. The Emperor appeared to rule while the Shogun’s actually had the power.
Shogun: A military ruler who controlled Japan as the Emperor’s regent

5. Feudal Society in Japan
Daimyo: Powerful military rulers who ruled large farms in the countryside and hired Samurais
Samurai: Highly trained, fierce warriors. Fought for honor and land for their Daimyo. They were not free to do as they pleased, because their main duty was to defend the Daimyo and his property.

6. Feudal Society in Japan
Peasants: Farmers, fishermen, workers – respectable
Artisans: Skilled workers who make swords & armor, etc. – Respectable
Merchants: Businessmen – they buy and sell for profit – not respected, but they are rich

7. Feudalism
A political, economic, and social system based on loyalty, the holding of land, and military service Japan:
Shogun
Land - Shoen
Loyalty
Land - Shoen
Daimyo
Daimyo
Loyalty
Samurai
Samurai
Samurai
Food
Protection
Peasant
Peasant
Peasant
Peasant

8. Code of Bushido
“The Way of the Warrior” – the Samurai code of honor sworn to a Daimyo is known as Bushido
Bushido required Samurai to be brave and honorable fighters
Both men and women of samurai families learned how to fight – women learned so they could protect their homes from robbers.

9. Code of Bushido
Bushidō expanded and formalized the earlier code of the samurai, and stressed frugality, loyalty, mastery of martial arts, and honor to the death.
Under the bushidō ideal, if a samurai failed to uphold his honor he could only regain it by performing seppuku (ritual suicide).

10. Seppuku: Ritual Suicide
It is honorable to die in this way.
Kaishaku – his “seconds”

11. Full Samurai Attire

12. Samurai Sword

13. Early Mounted Samurai Warriors

14. Underpinnings: Basic Steps in Self Defense
A COTTON BREECH CLOUT that extended up over the chest was the basic undergarment of a samurai’s costume
A SHORT SLEEVED KIMONO, or “armor robe,” was tied snugly at the waist with a special knot (lower right)

15. BILLOWING PANTALOONS,worn over the armor robe, fitted loosely in the legs to allow freedom of movement
AN EXQUISITE BROCADE, richly worked with a design of peonies, was one of the extravagant materials used in an armor robe that may have been made for a 14th Century imperial prince
STURDY SHINGUARDS of cloth or leather were reinforced with strips of iron to give protection from the front

16. Samurai Charging

17. Zen Buddhism
A Japanese variation of the Mahayana form of Buddhism, which came from India through China.
It reinforced the Bushido values of mental and self-discipline.

18. 4,400 ships and 140,000 men, but kamikaze winds stopped them.
Mongol “Invasions” of Japan
4,400 ships and 140,000 men, but kamikaze winds stopped them.

19. C A S T L E S

20. Osaka Castle

21. Main Gate of Hiroshima Castle

22. Caernorfon Castle, Wales

23. R O E N S

24. The Age of the Warring States: (1467 - 1568)
Castles built on hills in different provinces.
Power shifts from above to below.
Europeans arrive in Japan  bringing firearms & Christianity.
Christianity & foreign trade flourish.

25. Oda Nobunaga (1534-1582) Banishes the last Ashikaga shogun.
Unifies a large part of Japan.

26. Catholic Jesuits in Japan
St. Francis Xavier [First Catholic Missionaries in Asia]

27. Toyotomi Hideyoshi (1536-1598)
Becomes suspicious of European territorial ambitions.
Orders all European missionaries expelled from Japan. 
Tries to invade Korea, but fails.

28. Tokugawa Ieyasu (1543-1616) Appointed shogun by the Emperor.
Four-class system laid down with marriage restricted to members of the same class! 
Warriors.
Farmers.
Artisans.
Merchants.

29. Tokugawa Shogunate Period
Japan closed off to all trade [except to the Dutch and Chinese]. 
The Dutch were restricted to a small island in Nagasaki harbor.
Japanese Christians persecuted and Christianity is forbidden.
The government is centralized with all power in the hands of the shogun.
Domestic trade flourishes.
Towns, esp. castle towns, increase.
Merchant class becomes rich! 
New art forms  haiku poetry, kabuki theater.