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Published byHubert Watson Modified over 9 years ago
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Topic 5 – Pollution Management Topic 5.1 – Nature of Pollution
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Pollution The contamination of the Earth and atmosphere to such an extent that normal environmental processes are adversely affected. Can be natural/human caused Can be deliberate/accidental
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Pollution Can be matter (solid, liquid, gas) or energy (noise, light, heat)
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Major Pollution Sources: Combustion of Fossil Fuels Carbon Dioxide Greenhouse gas Sulfur Dioxide Acid deposition (tree/fish death) Photochemical Smog Respiratory problems Carbon Monoxide Binds hemoglobin, can cause death
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Major Pollution Sources: Domestic Waste Organic Waste (food/sewage) Eutrophication Fills landfills Waste Paper/Plastics/Glass/Me tals Fills landfills Reduces natural resources Energy used to produce causes pollution
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Major Pollution Sources: Industrial Waste Heavy Metals Poisoning Fluorides Poisoning Heat Reduces dissolved oxygen Lead Disabilities in children Acids Corrosive
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Major Pollution Sources: Agricultural Waste Nitrates Eutrophication Organic Waste Eutrophication Pesticides Accumulate up food chains
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Point Source Pollution Pollution released from a single, identifiable source. Examples: A factory smokestack or exhaust pipe A sewage pipe A specific incident A very bright light
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Non-point Source Pollution Release of pollutants from dispersed origins Examples: Agricultural runoff Vehicle exhaust Urban runoff
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Topic 5 – Pollution Management Topic 5.2 – Detection and Monitoring of Pollution
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Pollution Monitoring Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) A measure of the amount of oxygen required by micro- organisms to break down the organic material in water Source of PollutantBOD (mg DO) Unpolluted River0-5 Treated Sewage20-60 Raw Sewage350 Cattle Manure10,000 Paper Pulp Mill25,000
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Pollution Monitoring Indicator Species Organisms that show something about the environment by their presence, absence, or abundance.
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Topic 5 – Pollution Management Topic 5.3 – Approaches to Pollution Management
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Pollution Management Srategies Replace-Regulate-Restore
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Pollution Management Strategies Replace Develop alternate technologies Adopt alternate lifestyles
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Pollution Management Strategies Regulate Setting and imposing standards Introducing measures for extracting the pollutant from waste
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Pollution Management Strategies Restore Extracting and removing pollutant from ecosystem Replanting and restocking with plant/animal populations
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Topic 5 – Pollution Management Topic 5.4 - Eutrophication
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Eutrophication The addition of excess nutrients to a water ecosystem, causing algae to bloom Usually nitrates and phosphates Detergents Fertilizers Livestock drainage Sewage
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Eutrophication Process 1. Fertilizers wash into lake 2. Algae bloom, light to plants decreases, plants die 3. More algae=more zooplankton=more small fish 4. Algae die and are decomposed by bacteria, oxygen level goes down, everything dies 5. Turbidity increases
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Eutrophication Management Replace Stop/change fertilizers/waste Plant buffer zones Regulate Limit pollutants Restore Pump air through lake Dredge lake bottom Remove algae physically or by algicides Reintroduce species
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Topic 5 – Pollution Management Topic 5.5 – Solid Domestic Waste
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Types of Solid Domestic Waste Garden Waste/Kitchen Waste Glass, wood, metal, plastics Paper Textiles Diapers
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Solutions to Waste Landfill Compost Recycle (or Reuse) Incineration
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Topic 5 – Pollution Management Topic 5.6 – Depletion of Stratospheric Ozone
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Atmosphere Structure Main Components: Nitrogen (78%) Oxygen (20%) Argon (1%) CO 2 (.038%) Temperature and pressure vary with altitude
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Ozone Layer Ozone (O 3 ) is more concentrated in the low stratosphere (12-20mi) O 3 absorbs UV radiation in a process that converts O 2 to O 3 and back
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UV Radiation (UV-B) Causes eye damage, cataracts, sunburn, and skin cancer in humans (and some animals) Can damage plants and phytoplankton
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Ozone Depleting Substances CFCs Refrigerants 1987 Montreal Protocol called for a sharp reduction in CFCs and other Ozone Depleting Substances
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Topic 5 – Pollution Management Topic 5.7 –Urban Air Pollution
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Tropospheric Ozone Ozone is a pollutant in the troposphere and causes eye/lung problems Pollution from burning fossil fuels can react with sunlight to form ozone (O 3 ) NO x Hydrocarbons VOCs
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Photochemical Smog VOCs, Hydrocarbons, Nitrogen Oxides react to form ozone and brown gas. Happens primarily in warm dry places, can by compounded by surrounding mountains
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Topic 5 – Pollution Management Topic 5.8 –Acid Deposition
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Emissions Sulfur Dioxide and Nitrogen Oxides are emitted from industry, vehicles, urban areas, livestock, and natural causes They fall to the ground as dry deposition or wet deposition
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Wet Deposition (Acid Rain) SO 2 and No x form H 2 SO 4 and HNO 3 in the atmosphere and fall to the ground as precipitation
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Effects of Acid Rain Acidified Lakes Acidified Soil Release of heavy metals Trees and forests
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Management of Acid Rain Prevention/Reduction of pollution Soil/Water conditioners
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