1. Anatomy and Physiology
Skeletal system
And
Joints

2. Skeletal System Frame work of the body Huge role in movement
Protects from injury
206 bones
Adult skeleton

3. Divisions of the skeletal system
Axial skeleton (green)
Bones of the
Skull
Face
Ribs
Spine
Does not include
Arms
Legs
Fingers
Toes

4. Divisions of the skeletal system
Appendicular skeleton
(purple)
Bones of the:
Arms
Legs
Hands
Feet
Hips / shoulders
Does not include
Bones of the axial skeleton.

5. Structure of bone Osseous tissue = bone. Bone Cells
Hard connective tissue
Composed of
Cells and minerals
Rendered hard by:
Calcium
Phosphate
Fluoride
Bone Cells
Osteoblasts
Bone building cells
Build or repair damaged bone
Osteoclasts
Bone resorbing or remodeling cells
Remove dead / dying bone cells.

6. Types of bone Compact Aka cortical bone Hard Dense Very strong
Appears white
Forms the
Outer layer of bone
Shafts of long bones

7. Types of bone Cancellous bone Aka spongy bone Looks like a sponge
Light weight
Weaker than compact
Forms the:
Interior of bones
Contains
Red bone marrow

8. Trabeculae Interconnecting meshwork of bone. Found in spongy bone
Give the bone its “spongy” appearance
Provides strength w/out weight
Filled with red bone marrow.

9. Periosteum Tough, fibrous tissue Covers all compact bone of the body.
Responsible for the life of the bone.
Contains
Blood
Lymph vessels
Osteoblasts
Bone building cells
Nerve tissue

10. Bone Marrow Red bone marrow Yellow bone marrow
Found in cancellous bone
Consists of blood vessels and connective tissue
Makes
Red blood cells (rbc’s)
White blood cells (wbc’s)
Platelets
Yellow bone marrow
Found in shafts of long bones
Consists of fat cells
Makes
White blood cells
Slowly replaces red bone marrow.

11. Joints 3 main types of joints
Where two or more bones meet to form a junction.
Aka articulations
3 main types of joints

12. Fibrous joints Immovable joints Found in the skull
Between bones of the
Cranium
Face
Aka sutures of the skull
Holds bones firmly together.

13. Cartilaginous joints Cartilage found in the joint.
Allows for slight movement.
Found between the vertebrae of the spine.

14. Synovial joints Provide wide range of movement
Majority of joints are “synovial”
Contain a fluid
Synovial fluid
Contained in a sac
bursa

15. Cartilage Tough Non-vascular Resilient tissue Found between bones
(no blood supply)
Resilient tissue
(flexible, withstands trauma)
Found between bones
Reduces friction
Forms
Tip of nose
ears

16. Joint examples Hinge: Hinge-glide Ball and socket Condyloid Pivot
Knee
Elbow
Hinge-glide
TMJ
Ball and socket
Shoulder
hip
Condyloid
Knuckles
Pivot
Top of neck
Elbow
Rotation
Saddle
Thumb

17. Hinge

18. Ball and socket

19. Pivot

20. Saddle

21. Gliding

22. Hinge and Glide
Temporomandibular joint

23. Conclusion
Knowing the bones and joints of the body are important parts of your job.
You should know more than your patients.
When in doubt, ask questions.
Please make sure to review the chapter and the section on the skeletal system and joints.
Any Questions???????