1. Distributed Loads Strip Loads (L/B > 9) Wall Footings Embankements Circular Loads (R) Storage Tanks Rectangular Loads (BxL) Spread Footings Mat Foundations Combination Loads

2. Strip Load Fig 5.12 p/q= fn {2x/B, 2z/B} See Table 5.4

3. Stress Isobars

4. Fig 5.14 Example 5.5 q=200 kN/m 2, B=6m, z=3m

5. Circular Loads Fig 5.15  /q=1-1/[(R/z) 2 +1] 3/2  /q = fn {z/R} (Table 5.5)

6. Circular Loads Fig 5.16

7. Rectangular Loads Fig 5.17  /q = I 2 I 2 = fn {m=B/z, n=L/z} Fig 5.18

8. Variation of I 2

9. Rectangular Loads Fig 5.19  A / q = (I 2-1 + I 2-2 + I 2-3 + I 2-4 ) Principle of Superposition

10. Stress Isobars

11. Combined Areas Fig 5.22

12. Combined Areas Fig 5.23

13. Newmark’s Chart z  = (IV) q M

14. Example 5.7

15. Z=3m  =(IV) q M  = 0.005 (600kN/9m 2 )(48.5)  = 17.78 kN/m 2

16. Newmark’s Chart

17. Rectangular Loads Fig 5.19 C’