1. S UPERBUGS ! Experimental evolution of antibiotic resistance

2. REVIEW Most bacteria are harmful. Although bacteria have DNA, they lack a nucleus. Bacteria are multi-cellular organisms.

3. REVIEW Pathogens cause infectious diseases. Only bacteria can be pathogens. Cancer is an infectious disease.

4. REVIEW Flu is treated with antibiotics. Antibiotics only treat bacterial infections. Susceptible organisms survive antibiotic treatment.

5. S USCEPTIBLE & R ESISTANT

6. P ROJECT O VERVIEW + Bacillus thuringiensis Streptomycin

7. P ROJECT O VERVIEW + Bacillus thuringiensis Streptomycin

8. P ROJECT O BJECTIVES Observe evolution in real time Use good experimental design Complete a long-term experiment

9. E VOLUTION Change in species over time

10. Genetic Mutation NATURAL SELECTION + Predator

11. Susceptible + Antibiotic Antibiotic Resistant EXPERIMENTAL SELECTION REPRODUCTION

12. Q UESTION How can we cause bacteria to evolve antibiotic resistance?

13. H YPOTHESIS If bacteria are grown in the presence of antibiotic, then they will evolve resistance.

14. E XPERIMENTAL D ESIGN Independent/Manipulated Variable Dependent/Responding Variable Control Treatment Experimental Treatment

15. E XPERIMENTAL D ESIGN Independent: Type of environment Dependent: Bacterial growth Control: No antibiotic (Strep -) Experimental: Antibiotic (Strep +)

16. No streptomycin+ streptomycin