1. VERSITy FEB. 2014 UNI PEDER MARIBO PM@IHA.DK SOIL CONTAMINATION INTRODUCTION

2. SOIL CONTAMINATION - COURSE INTRO PEDER MARIBO FEBRUAR 2014 2 SOIL CONTAMINATION COURSE Plan 11/2 2015: Course objectives and plan Assessment (exam) and other formalities Home assignment H1- presentations Case USA: Love Canal Case DK – what’s important? Pollution paradigm Legal approach - EU Toxicology (cf. water supply) Assignment 1

3. SOIL CONTAMINATION - COURSE INTRO PEDER MARIBO FEBRUAR 2014 CASE LOVE CANAL (US) 3 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Kjobz14i8kM Other iconic cases: Høfte 42 & Kjærgaard Klitplantage, Denmark Lekekrkerk, The Nederlands Minimata, Japan …….

4. SOIL CONTAMINATION - COURSE INTRO PEDER MARIBO FEBRUAR 2014 4 How could the contamination possibly be a problem? What determines if the problems are significant or not? (what do we need to know?) What (in principle) could be done to solve the problems? Tar Cyanide Ammonia Mini meeting: the contaminated site

5. SOIL CONTAMINATION - COURSE INTRO PEDER MARIBO FEBRUAR 2014 5 CASE: NORDBORG, RIDEPLADSEN 3 New housing project on site of former dry cleaning company. Significant contamination of the soil below houses. Soil air 9 – 11 mg PCE/m 3. 430 μg/m 3 indoor. (limit value PCE < 6,0 μg/m 3 )

6. SOIL CONTAMINATION - COURSE INTRO PEDER MARIBO FEBRUAR 2014 6 Installation of filterpipe Ventilation below floor

7. SOIL CONTAMINATION - COURSE INTRO PEDER MARIBO FEBRUAR 2014 PARADIGM 7 Human Exposure routes: Contact (skin) Dust / vapors (resp.) Soil ingestion Indirect: water, food ______________________________ Environment

8. SOIL CONTAMINATION - COURSE INTRO PEDER MARIBO FEBRUAR 2014 POLLUTION PARADIGM - RISK 8 Effect risk: Potential harmful effect of exposure? Exposure risk: Transport, decomposition, dilution? Depend on: Substances: chemical characteristics? concentration and location? Geology ++ (soil type, water flow, other substances, pH, redox, temp…)

9. SOIL CONTAMINATION - COURSE INTRO PEDER MARIBO FEBRUAR 2014 EU & SOIL CONTAMINATION › Proposed Soil Framework Dir. (232/2006): Prevention – mapping – remediation > Danish approach 9 http://ec.europa.eu/environment/integration/research/newsalert/pdf/IR5.pdf

10. SOIL CONTAMINATION - COURSE INTRO PEDER MARIBO FEBRUAR 2014 10 TOXICITY Toxcic effect after 96 hours

11. SOIL CONTAMINATION - COURSE INTRO PEDER MARIBO FEBRUAR 2014 11 TOXICITY

12. SOIL CONTAMINATION - COURSE INTRO PEDER MARIBO FEBRUAR 2014 12 › A (Linear) › B (Langmuir isoterm) › C (Sigmoidal isoterm) Which response curve sign a non-harmful threshold? (mention examples of substances with / without thresholds) Dose Response (effect) Thresholds for harmful effects

13. SOIL CONTAMINATION - COURSE INTRO PEDER MARIBO FEBRUAR 2014 UNCEARTAINTY FACTORS AND TDI 13

14. SOIL CONTAMINATION - COURSE INTRO PEDER MARIBO FEBRUAR 2014 RISK – LIMIT VALUES 14 Which risk is acceptable?

15. SOIL CONTAMINATION - COURSE INTRO PEDER MARIBO FEBRUAR 2014 15 http://blog.betterriskmanagement.com/2011/03/more-safety- questions-about-the-fukushima-daiichi-nuclear-plant/

16. SOIL CONTAMINATION - COURSE INTRO PEDER MARIBO FEBRUAR 2014 RADON 16

17. SOIL CONTAMINATION - COURSE INTRO PEDER MARIBO FEBRUAR 2014 17 LIMIT VALUES Finish Contaminated Soil Act (#214/2007) National approaches and standards: Colin Ferguson (1999) Assessing Risks from Contaminated Sites: Policy and Practice in 16 European Countries. Land Contamination and Reclamation, 7(2), 1999. EPP Publications

18. SOIL CONTAMINATION - COURSE INTRO PEDER MARIBO FEBRUAR 2014 Danish criteria ”Cut off criteria” (some of these, cf. the List of Soil Quality Criteria by DEPA, and Guideline on Contaminated Sites 1998) Link to Danish criteria for air, water and soil: http://www.mst.dk/Virksomhed_og_myndighed/ Kemikalier/Stoflister+og+databaser/kvalitetskriter ier/ 18 LIMIT VALUES