1. January 7, 2015 A-day Please select a seat. No more than 2 girls/boys per table (3 and 3 at the big table) Please select a seat. No more than 2 girls/boys per table (3 and 3 at the big table) Read pages 66-70 silently. Read pages 66-70 silently. If you finish reading the textbook pages, read your chapter book or work on wiife pages in your folder. If you finish reading the textbook pages, read your chapter book or work on wiife pages in your folder.

2. The Electromagnetic Spectrum McCulloch 2011

3. EM WAVES PREVIEW Are EM waves harmful? Are EM waves harmful? Do humans need EM waves? Do humans need EM waves? Where do EM waves come from? Where do EM waves come from?

4. Have you ever….. Used a cell phone? Used a cell phone? Watched tv? Watched tv? Heated up food in a microwave? Heated up food in a microwave? Gotten a sunburn? Gotten a sunburn? Had an xray? Had an xray? Used a flashlight? Used a flashlight? EM waves are important to your everyday life! EM waves are important to your everyday life!

6. WAVES a disturbance that transfers energy without transferring matter ElectromagneticMechanical No medium needed Medium needed Transverse wave (LIGHT) Transverse wave (water) or Compressional wave (SOUND)

7. Read pages 66-70 Write and underline the headings. Restate the questions in your answer. EM WAVES Waves in Space What is an electromagnetic wave? Forces & Fields What 2 fields make up electromagnetic waves? Describe electric and magnetic fields Making EM waves Describe how is an EM wave produced? Properties of EM waves What is radiant energy? Describe how the amount of energy relates to a wave’s frequency. What is the speed of EM waves in empty space? Does the sun produce EM waves?

8. January 8, 2015 B-day Please select a seat. No more than 2 girls/boys per table (3 and 3 at the big table) and LEAVE THE LAB STUFF ALONE Please select a seat. No more than 2 girls/boys per table (3 and 3 at the big table) and LEAVE THE LAB STUFF ALONE Open your notebook to your EM notes from yesterday (I’ll be checking them for a grade) Open your notebook to your EM notes from yesterday (I’ll be checking them for a grade) Read your chapter book or work on wiife pages silently Read your chapter book or work on wiife pages silently

9. EM Wave Notes WAVES IN SPACE

10. Electromagnetic (EM) Waves Made up of electrical and magnetic fields Made up of electrical and magnetic fields

11. How are EM waves produced? Vibrating electric and magnetic fields Vibrating electric and magnetic fields Make an EM wave Make an EM wave

12. The frequency determines the energy of EM waves high frequency, high energy high frequency, high energy low frequency, low energy low frequency, low energy

13. EM waves are produced by the sun

14. Electromagnetic waves travel VERY FAST – around 300,000 kilometres per second (the speed of light). Electromagnetic waves travel VERY FAST – around 300,000 kilometres per second (the speed of light). At this speed they can go around the world 8 times in one second.

16. January 9, 2015 A-day Please select a seat. No more than 2 girls/boys per table (3 and 3 at the big table) Please select a seat. No more than 2 girls/boys per table (3 and 3 at the big table) Write your HW in your planner Write your HW in your planner Turn in your EM waves worksheet, if you did not do so yesterday Turn in your EM waves worksheet, if you did not do so yesterday Glue the ‘Types of EM waves’ wksh into your notebook after your EM Wave notes Glue the ‘Types of EM waves’ wksh into your notebook after your EM Wave notes Read pages 71-79 in your textbook Read pages 71-79 in your textbook

17. BrainPOP ~ EM Spectrum http://www.brainpop.com/science/energy /electromagneticspectrum/ http://www.brainpop.com/science/energy /electromagneticspectrum/ http://www.brainpop.com/science/energy /electromagneticspectrum/ http://www.brainpop.com/science/energy /electromagneticspectrum/

18. Ur Decreasing wavelength Increasing frequency Increasing Energy

19. Notice the wavelength is long (Radio waves) and gets shorter (Gamma Rays)

20. ELECTROMAGNETIC SPECTRUM RESEARCH NOTES Use your research page to answer the questions in your notes Write each heading in your composition notebook and underline Answer the questions for each section * Number each answer * Skip a line in between each question Write neatly - these are your notes! Leave about four lines after each section to add notes as needed with my lesson If you have any questions, please ask me before you begin writing

22. Electromagnetic Spectrum—name for the range of electromagnetic waves when placed in order of increasing frequency Electromagnetic Spectrum—name for the range of electromagnetic waves when placed in order of increasing frequency RADIO WAVES MICROWAVES INFRARED RAYS VISIBLE LIGHT ULTRAVIOLET RAYS X-RAYS GAMMA RAYS

23. EM SPECTRUM SONG http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bjOGN VH3D4Y http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bjOGN VH3D4Y http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bjOGN VH3D4Y http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bjOGN VH3D4Y

24. RADIO WAVES Have the longest wavelengths and lowest frequencies of all the electromagnetic waves. Have the longest wavelengths and lowest frequencies of all the electromagnetic waves.

25. Radiowaves lowest energy EM radiation

26. A radio picks up radio waves through an antenna and converts it to sound waves. A radio picks up radio waves through an antenna and converts it to sound waves. Each radio station in an area broadcasts at a different frequency. Each radio station in an area broadcasts at a different frequency. # on radio dial tells frequency. # on radio dial tells frequency.

27. Radiowaves FM - frequency modulation FM - frequency modulation AM - amplitude modulation AM - amplitude modulation

28. Global Positioning Systems (GPS) measure the time it takes a radio wave to travel from several satellites to the receiver, determining the distance to each satellite. Global Positioning Systems (GPS) measure the time it takes a radio wave to travel from several satellites to the receiver, determining the distance to each satellite.

29. MRI (MAGNETIC RESONACE IMAGING) Uses Short wave radio waves with a magnet to create an image.

30. MICROWAVES Have the shortest wavelengths and the highest frequency of the radio waves. Have the shortest wavelengths and the highest frequency of the radio waves.

31. Microwaves Penetrate (go through) food and vibrate water & fat molecules to produce thermal energy Penetrate (go through) food and vibrate water & fat molecules to produce thermal energy Microwave towers – cell phones Microwave towers – cell phones

32. RADAR (Radio Detection and Ranging) Used to find the speed of an object by sending out radio waves and measuring the time it takes them to return. Used to find the speed of an object by sending out radio waves and measuring the time it takes them to return.

33. INFRARED RAYS Infrared = below red Shorter wavelength and higher frequency than microwaves.

34. Infrared Radiation (IR) slightly lower energy than visible light slightly lower energy than visible light also known as heat waves also known as heat waves Felt as heat Felt as heat thermogram - image made by detecting IR radiation thermogram - image made by detecting IR radiation

35. Infrared Radiation You can feel the longest ones as warmth on your skin Warm objects give off more heat energy than cool objects.

36. Thermogram—a picture that shows regions of different temperatures in the body. Temperatures are calculated by the amount of infrared radiation given off. Therefore people give off infrared rays. Therefore people give off infrared rays. Heat lamps give off infrared waves.

37. VISIBLE LIGHT Shorter wavelength and higher frequency than infrared rays. Electromagnetic waves we can see. Longest wavelength= red light Shortest wavelength= violet (purple) light

38. When light enters a new medium it bends (refracts). Each wavelength bends a different amount allowing white light to separate into it’s various colors ROYGBIV. ROYG.BIV redorangeyellowgreenblueindigoviolet

39. Visible Light Wavelengths

40. ULTRAVIOLET RAYS Shorter wavelength and higher frequency than visible light Carry more energy than visible light Above violet in the spectrum

41. Ultraviolet Radiation (UV) slightly higher energy than visible light slightly higher energy than visible light Types: Types: UVA - tanning, wrinkles UVA - tanning, wrinkles UVB - sunburn, cancer UVB - sunburn, cancer UVC - most harmful, sterilization UVC - most harmful, sterilization Some animals like bees can see UV light

42. Ultraviolet Radiation (UV) Ozone layer depletion = UV exposure! Ozone layer depletion = UV exposure!

43. Too much can cause skin cancer. Too much can cause skin cancer. Use sun block to protect against (UV rays) Use sun block to protect against (UV rays)

44. Helps your body produce vitamin D Helps your body produce vitamin D

45. Used to kill bacteria. (Sterilization of equipment like our goggles, nail salon tools, and dentist equipment) Used to kill bacteria. (Sterilization of equipment like our goggles, nail salon tools, and dentist equipment)

46. Ultraviolet (UV) Light Detect forgery & scorpions Detect forgery & scorpions

47. X- RAYS Shorter wavelength and higher frequency than UV-rays Carry a great amount of energy Can penetrate most matter (not lead).

48. higher energy than UV higher energy than UV can penetrate soft tissue, but not bones can penetrate soft tissue, but not bones Airport security Airport security Detect cracks in buildings Detect cracks in buildings

49. Too much exposure can cause cancer (lead vest at dentist protects organs from unnecessary exposure)

50. Used by engineers to check for tiny cracks in structures. Used by engineers to check for tiny cracks in structures. The rays pass through the cracks and the cracks appear dark on film. The rays pass through the cracks and the cracks appear dark on film.

51. GAMMA RAYS Shorter wavelength and higher frequency than X- rays Carry the greatest amount of energy and penetrate the most.

52. Used in radiation treatment to kill cancer cells. Can be very harmful if not used correctly.

53. The Incredible Hulk was the victim of gamma radiation.

54. Exploding nuclear weapons emit gamma rays.

56. Light Phenomenon Isaac Newton (1642-1727) believed light consisted of particles Isaac Newton (1642-1727) believed light consisted of particles By 1900 most scientists believed that light behaved as a wave. By 1900 most scientists believed that light behaved as a wave.

57. Light Travels in a straight line Travels in a straight line 8 minutes from Sun to Earth 8 minutes from Sun to Earth Light from other stars can take years to reach earth Light from other stars can take years to reach earth Most objects do not produce light, we see it because of reflection Most objects do not produce light, we see it because of reflection Without light, we wouldn’t be able to see ANYTHING Without light, we wouldn’t be able to see ANYTHING

59. Luminous Produces its own light Illuminated Reflects light

60. Bio Bay in Puerto Rico

64. A. Light and Matter Opaque Opaque absorbs or reflects absorbs or reflects all light all light Transparent Transparent allows light to pass through completely allows light to pass through completely Translucent Translucent allows some light to pass through allows some light to pass through

65. Opaque Materials that let no light pass through them. Materials that let no light pass through them.

66. Translucent Allows only SOME light to pass through. Objects are visible, but not clear. Allows only SOME light to pass through. Objects are visible, but not clear.

67. Transparent Allow nearly ALL the light that strikes to pass through. Allow nearly ALL the light that strikes to pass through.

68. Opaque, Translucent and Transparent 12 3 Identify each pane as one of the above.

69. Opaque Absorbs or reflects all light Transparent Allows all light to pass through Translucent Allows some light to pass through; scatters light

70. READ PAGES 99 -100 Title the next available page in your notebook “Color” and answer the following questions: 1) Why does an object look blue? 2) Why does an object appear black? 3) Why does an object appear white? 4) What are the primary colors of light? 5) What are the primary colors of pigment?

71. B. Seeing Colors White light White light contains all visible colors - ROY G. BIV contains all visible colors - ROY G. BIV In white light, an object… In white light, an object… reflects the color you see reflects the color you see absorbs all other colors absorbs all other colors REFLECTS ALL COLORS ABSORBS ALL COLORS

72. Seeing color The color an object appears depends on the colors of light it reflects. The color an object appears depends on the colors of light it reflects. For example, a red book only reflects red light: White light Only red light is reflected video

74. How we see colors Which chemical signal gets sent depends on how much energy the light has. If the brain gets a signal from ONLY green cones, we see green.

75. B. Seeing Colors The retina contains… The retina contains… Rods - dim light, black & white Rods - dim light, black & white Cones - color Cones - color red - absorb red & yellow red - absorb red & yellow green - absorb yellow & green green - absorb yellow & green blue - absorb blue & violet blue - absorb blue & violet Stimulates red & green cones Stimulates all cones

76. B. Seeing Colors Color Blindness Color Blindness one or more sets of cones does not function properly one or more sets of cones does not function properly Test for red-green color blindness.

79. Negative Afterimage - One set of cones gets tired, and the remaining cones produce an image in the complimentary color.

80. Reflection – when a wave strikes a surface and bounces off TWO TYPES OF REFLECTION 1)Specular (smooth) Reflection Normal image that would be produced by a mirror 2) Diffuse (rough) Reflection Light is scattered in many directions causing a poor image

82. Type of MirrorImage Formed Plane Concave Convex

83. Refraction – the bending of a light ray as it enters a new medium causing it to change speed Refraction – the bending of a light ray as it enters a new medium causing it to change speed Lens – transparent object with at least one curved surface that causes light to bend Lens – transparent object with at least one curved surface that causes light to bend

84. Lenses and Refraction Type of LensImage Formed Concave Convex

85. Nearsightedness – happens when the eye is too long and the lens causes the light to focus in front of the retina; corrected by a concave lens

86. Farsightedness – happens when the eye is too short causing light to focus behind the retina; corrected with a convex lens

87. Reflect or Refract?