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The college of Forensic Medicine in Kunming Medical University Bingying Xu, Tel:13769175605 Email:bingying_xu@126.com
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ABO blood typing
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Outline Part one Introduction Part two ABO blood typing Part three Experiment operation for ABO typing
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1.Blood groups The genetic differences of blood Part one Introduction RBCs group WBCs group Serological type
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Part one Introduction 2.RBCs groups The genetic differences of RBCs ABO group Rh, MN,P,lewis,kidd
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3.Whole Blood Part one Introduction
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Composition of Blood Plasma: Fluid component – Water (90%) – plasma proteins – Other solutes Formed elements: Cells and fragments – RBCs (erythrocyte ) – WBCs (leukocyte ) – Platelets
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In Plasma,there are some useful antibodies in forensic or medical application. such as anti- A,anti-B On the surface of RBCs,there are many antigens, such as A,B. 3.Whole Blood
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10 4.Blood Typing Antigens –Surface of red blood cells –Responsible for blood-type characteristics More than 15 blood antigen systems are identified ABO, Rh systems are the most important Systems.
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4.Blood Typing Antibodies – In the plasma. – Responsible for blood-type characteristics at the same time.
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5.History ---- In 1900,Karl Landsteiner found 4 different kinds of blood –A,B,AB and O(A-B-O system). ----A few years later, a series of antigen-antibody reactions were discovered in blood, the most common ones being ABH, MN, Rh, and Gm (over 100 antigens exist).
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Part two ABO blood type
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ABO blood type 1.The percentage of all kinds of blood type: Type O—46% Type A—40% Type B—10% Type AB—4%
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2.ABO blood types
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blood type Surface Antigens Antibodies A A Anti-B B B Anti-A AB A, B none O Anti-A Anti-B ABO Antigens and Antibodies
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Homologous Chromosomes Genes From FatherFrom Mother Diploid = Two copies of each type of chromosome Loci = Physical position of a gene on a chromosome Allele = Alternate forms of a gene: Alleles have the same position (locus) on a pair of homologous chromosomes
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allele homozygous : A pair of alleles is the same as each other. Heterozygous : A pair of alleles is not the same as each other. A A O A homozygous Heterozygous
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allele A pair of alleles determines a genetic character. AA A AO A AB 00 O BB B BO B
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ABO TYPE Phenotype Genotype A AA or AO B BB or BO AB O OO
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Father A + Mother B Child ?
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Father A + Mother B Child A,B,AB,O
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A O B O A B O B AB Child1 BO Child2
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A O B O A O O AO Child3 OO Child4
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Other Examples MomDadOffspring Blood Group AABB100% AB AOBB50% each of AB or B AOBO4 kinds of blood group AABO50% each of AB or A
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Part three —Detecting ABO blood groups 1. Experimental purposes 2.Experiment principle 3.Experimental procedures
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1.Experimental purposes To grasp the method of ABO blood tpying. To be familiar with agglutination reactions of RBCs and judge the agglutination result.
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2.Experiment principle of Blood Typing Antigen –antibody reactions Specific antigen on the surface of red blood cell and serum antibody in the plazma can particularly combine and cause agglutination reactions.
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ABO Blood Typing Antigen –antibody agglutination reactions Anti-A+A-RBC
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3.To judge the agglutination result. phenomenonResultsMeaning Agglutination + With relevant antigens _ With no relevant antigens
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4.Experimental procedures Take fingertip blood agglutination reactions judgement of results
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to be prepared - Mark With saline(sodium chloride) A B Hollow glass plate
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To Collect blood Sterilize -Alcohol swab To Pierce skin Squeeze the partial finger
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anti -A anti -B A tube B tube 2 drops A B 1. marking 2. add anti – A 、 anti – B antibodies
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Mix up saline RBCs suspension 2 drops blood 1 drop RBCs suspension A B 1 drop RBCs suspension
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anti –A+ RBCs suspension anti –B+ RBCs suspension A tube B tube Mix A B Anti-A anti –B
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Place in a room temperature for 15mins Whether agglutination A B
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To judge the agglutination result. Agglutination is positive. ( + ) No agglutination is negative. ( — ) positive. negative
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Results - ABO Positive typing Antibodies known Unknown cells1 Unknown cells2 Unknown cells3 Unknown cells4 A(anti-A)+_+_ B(anti-B)_++_ ResultsABABO
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Test report (1) Experimental purposes (2) Experiment principle (3) Experimental procedures (4) Experimental results (5) Experimental analysis
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Thank you!
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