1. Youth Who Received Informal Handling/Supervision in 2006 DCJ Quality & Evaluation Services April 2009 Prepared by: Liang Wu, Sr. Research Analyst Charlene Rhyne, PhD, Manager

2. 2 Juvenile Justice Involvement for Youth Who Received informal Supervision in 2006

3. 3 Age at Time of Informal average = 15.4 years; median = 16 years Age group# of youth 13 years or under33 14 years old45 15 years old51 16 years old61 17 years old62 18 years old19 Total271

4. 4 Gender Distribution

5. 5 Race/Ethnicity Distribution Race/Ethnicity# of Youth American Indian/Alaskan Native5 Asian8 Black61 Hispanic39 White150 Unknown/Other8 Total271

6. 6 Law Type# of youth% of youth Felony7025.8 Misdemeanor19471.6 Violation41.5 Other31.1 Total271100 Allegation Law Type of the Informal Trigger Referral

7. 7 Law category# of youth% of youth Person8431.0 Property13148.3 Behavioral4516.6 Other114.1 Total271100 Allegation Law Category of the Informal Trigger Referral

8. 8 Age at 1st dependency referral# of youth% of youth 5 years old or younger2240.0 between 6 and 10 years old2443.6 11 years or older916.4 Total55100 Age at 1 st Dependency Referral 55 = 20.3% of Informal only sample Average age at 1 st dependency referral= 6.4 years

9. 9 Referral TypeN% criminal referral27666.3% violation256.0% status referral5813.9% dependency referral5613.5% Other10.2% Total416100% Total Referrals* Incurred Prior to Informal Supervision *excluding trigger referral. A youth could have more than one referrals

10. 10 Number of Referral Youth had Prior to Informal

11. 11 Most Serious Referral Youth Had Prior to Informal 61% 45% 11.8% 43.2%

12. 12 New Criminal Referrals After Informal Actions

13. 13 1 st Re-referral Law Type and Category

14. 14 Prior Referral Records and Recidivism Differences for total prior referrals and # of prior criminal referrals between recidivated and non-recidivated youth are statistically significant

15. 15 Age at Referral and Informal Action by Re-offense Status Differences for Age at 1 st criminal referral are statistically significant

16. 16 Recidivism by Gender and Race/Ethnicity

17. 17 Risk Factors by Gender and Race/Ethnicity Percent of Youth Having Risk Factor Risk FactorsMaleFemaleWhiteNon-White Had prior criminal referral44.3%47.1%40.0%51.2% Had prior dependency referral15.9%21.4%16.0%19.0% Had any prior referral56.2%58.6%54.0%60.3% Had informal at 13 or less13.4%8.6%13.3%10.7% Had 1st criminal referral at 13 or less31.8%31.4%28.7%35.5% Had 1st dependency referral at 6 or less8.0%12.9%8.7%9.9%

18. 18 Recidivism Rate by Risk Factors *Statistically significant at level of 0.05 Recidivism Rate by Risk Factors or Youth Attributes Risk Factors Or Youth Attributes% recidivated% not recidivate Had prior criminal referral* Yes36.1%63.9% No8.7%91.3% Had prior dependency referral Yes23.4%76.6% No20.5%79.5% Had any prior referral* Yes31.2%68.8% No7.7%92.3% Had informal at 13 or less Yes9.1%90.9% No22.7%77.3% Had 1st criminal referral at 13 or less* Yes30.2%69.8% No16.8%83.2% Had 1st dependency referral at 6 or less Yes28.0%72.0% No20.3%79.7%

19. 19 Of 271 youth who received informal during 2006, Excluding referrals associated with informal, the average number of referrals prior to informal action was 1.5. 45% had criminal referral prior to informal, 5.2% had violation or status referral 6.6% had dependency referral 43.2% did not have pre-informal juvenile justice involvement so the referral that triggered informal was their first referral. 57 (21.0%) had at least one new criminal referral within one year of informal. Additional 4.4% of youth recidivated within 24-months of informal Preliminary analysis indicates that age at 1 st criminal referral, and average number of total referrals prior to informal had statistically significant impact on recidivism Summary