1. THE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM

2. The primary sex organs, or gonads, are the testes in males and the ovaries in females. The primary sex organs, or gonads, are the testes in males and the ovaries in females. The gonads produce sex cells, or gametes and secrete sex hormones. The gonads produce sex cells, or gametes and secrete sex hormones. The remaining reproductive system structures are accessory reproductive organs. The remaining reproductive system structures are accessory reproductive organs.

4. Male Reproductive System The primary reproductive organs of the male are the testes, or male gonads -Exocrine (sperm-producing). -Endocrine (testosterone-producing). The accessory reproductive structures are ducts or glands.

5. Testes Olive-sized testis Olive-sized testis 4cm long and 2.5cm wide. Tunica albuginea is a fibrous connective tissue capsule, surrounds each testis. Tunica albuginea is a fibrous connective tissue capsule, surrounds each testis. Septa plunge into the testis and divide it into a large number of lobules. Septa plunge into the testis and divide it into a large number of lobules. Each lobule contains one to four tightly coiled seminiferous tubules Each lobule contains one to four tightly coiled seminiferous tubules Rete testis,located at one side of the testis. Rete testis,located at one side of the testis.

7.  Interstitial cells -Cells lying in the soft connective tissue surrounding the seminiferous tubules. -produce androgen.

8. Duct system Epididymis Epididymis Ductus Deferens Ductus Deferens Urethra Urethra

11. Epididymis 1 st part of the duct system Comma shaped, highly coiled tube 6m long-caps the superior part of the testis Temporary storage site for immature sperm It takes 20 days to mature and taking the ability to swim.

13. Ductus Deferens (VAS Deferens)  Runs upwards from the epididymis through the inguinal canal into pelvic cavity and arches over the superior aspect of the bladder.  Spermatic cord ( C.T sheaths containing ductus deferens, blood vessels and nerves).  The end of the ductus deferens empties into the ejaculatory ducts.  Is to propel live sperm from their storage sites,in to the urethra by peristaltic waves

15. Urethra  It extends from the base of the urinary bladder to the tip of the penis.  Prostatic  Membrance  Spongy (penile)

16. Accessory Glands  Paired seminal vesicle.  Single prostate glands.  Bulbourethral glands.

18. seminal vesicle Base of the bladder. 60% of semen. Thick, yellowish secretion is rich in sugar, Vit.C, prostaglandins. Nourish and activate sperm. The duct of it joins the ductus deferens on the same side to form the ejaculatory duct.

19. prostate glands Milky fluids Activate sperm Enters urethra through small ducts

20. Bulbourethral glands Tiny, pea-sized glands Inferior to the prostate glands Thick, clear, mucus. Cleaning – lubricant

21. Semen milky, white ( sperm+ secretion). transport medium, nutrient, and protection. ( ph7.2-7.6 ).

22. External Genitalia Scrotum Penis

23. Scrotum  Divided sac of skin that hangs out side abdominal cavity.  Hangs loosly from its attachments to be 3% lower than the body temperature.  Changes in temperature helps in Sperm production

24. Penis Shaft-skin covered the penis Glans penis-enlarged the tip of the shaft Prepuce- loose skin folds downwards around the proximal end of the glans

25. Female Reproductive System  The primary reproductive organs of the female are the ovaries, or female gonads -Exocrine (egg, or ova). -Endocrine (estrogens-progesterone).

26. Accessory structures to transport nurture serve the needs of the reproductive cells or the developing fetus

27. Ovaries Paired ovaries Size and shape of almonds Each ovarian follicles (immature egg or oocyte surrounded by one or more layers of very different cells called follicle cells).

29. o Vesicular, or Graafian follicle (mature egg - follicle enlarges and develops a fluid-filled central region called an antrum. o Corpus luteum (ruptured follicle ). o Ovulation- every 28 days.

30. Suspensory ligament-laterally Ovarian ligament-medially Broad ligament

32. Duct system  Uterine tubes  Uterus  Vagina

34. Uterine (fallopian) tubes Site of fertilization Site of fertilization 10 cm long and extends medially from an ovary to empty into the superior region of the uterus 10 cm long and extends medially from an ovary to empty into the superior region of the uterus Supported by broad ligament Supported by broad ligament Infundibulum funnel-shaped distal end of fallopian tubes. Infundibulum funnel-shaped distal end of fallopian tubes.

35. Fimbriae (fingerlike projection). Fimbriae (fingerlike projection). The journey takes 3 to 4 days. The journey takes 3 to 4 days. By peristalsis and cilia. By peristalsis and cilia.

37. uterus Hollow organ Between the urinary bladder and the rectum Receive, retain, and nourish a fertilized egg Size and the shape –pear Uterus is suspended in pelvis by the broad ligament Round-uterosacral ligament

39.  It divided into - body -Fundus -cervix Wall of the uterus -endometrium -myometrium

41. vagina  Thin walled tube.  8-10 cm.  It lies between the bladder and rectum.  Birth canal.  It is the female organ of copulation.  Hymen is a thin fold of mucosa-vascular

42. External Genitalia Vulva (mons, labia, clitoris, urethral and vaginal orifices and greater vestibular glands Mons pubic (fatty, rounded area overlying the pubic symphysis Labia majora(two elongated hair-covered skin folds)

43. Labia minora (two delicate hair-free folds) Vestibule contains the external opening of the urethra. Anterior to the Vestibule is the clitoris (a small, protruding structure). Perineum-diamond shaped.