1. The Reproductive System
山东大学医学院 解剖教研室
李振华

2. Composition Internal genital organ
Gonads (sex glands)－manufacture the sex cells an secrete the sex hormones.
Genital ducts –transport the sex cells from the site of production into site fertilization
Accessory glands－secrete the fluid
External genital organ

3. The Male Reproduce System 男性生殖系统

4. Male internal genital organs
Gonad –testis 睾丸
Paired, smooth, ovoid male reproductive organ, slightly flattened anteroposteriorly
Located in scrotum
Has a tough fibrous coat, the tunica albuginea, this sends numerous fibrous septules into the gland, dividing it into testicular lobules that contain the contorted seminiferous tubules. Posteriorly the tubules form the rete testis and the efferent ducts, and open into the head of the epididymis
Produces sperm and secretes androgens

6. Genital ducts Epididymis 附睾
Comma-shaped, with head, body and tail of epididymis
Located on superior extremity and posterolateral aspect of testis
Contains tortuous canal that extends from testis to ductus (vas) deferens in spermatic cord
Function – the site of accumulation and storage of sperm

7. Ductus deferens 输精管 Four part: Testicular part 睾丸部
Muscular tube that transports sperm form epididymis to ejaculatory duct
Four part:
Testicular part 睾丸部
－extends form the tail of epididymis to the superior extremity of testis
Spermatic part 精索部 －extends form superior extremity of testis to the superficial inguinal ring, the place where the vasectomy is performed
Inguinal part 腹股沟部 －extends form superficial to deep inguinal rings
Pelvic part 盆部 －crosses the obturator neurovascular bundle and the ureter to reach the base of bladder, terminal part dilates, forming ampulla ductus deferentis

8. Spermatic cord 精索 Contens of the spermatic cord comprise:
Extends from the superior extremity of testis to the deep inguinal ring
Contens of the spermatic cord comprise:
Ductus deferend
Testicular and deferential arteries
Pampiniform plexus 蔓状静脉丛
Nerves and lymphatics
Vestige of vagina process
These structures are bound together by connective tissue and enclosed by the internal spermatic fascia, cremaster and external spermatic fascia

9. Vasectomy

10. Ejaculatory duct 射精管
Formed by union of distal portion ductus deferens and duct of seminal vesicle
Passes through the upper part of prostate and opens into the prostatic part of urethra

11. Accessory glands Seminal vesicle 精囊 Paired sacculated, coiled glands
Secrete part of seminal fluid
Located on posterior surface of bladder, lateral to ampulla ductus deferentis

12. Prostate 前列腺
Lies behind pubic symphysis, between neck of bladder and urogenital diaphragm
Shape
Chestnut-shaped organ
Base
Apex
Anterior surfaces
Posterior surfaces－ prostatic sulcus 前列腺沟
Contains of five lobes
Anterior lobe
Middle lobe
Posterior lobe
Right and left lobes
Enclosed by a thin inner fibrous capsule (true capsule) and a strong outer envelope of pelvic fascia

13. Bulbourethral gland尿道球腺 －two small pea-shaped glands, located in the deep transverse muscle of perineum, opens into bulb of urethrartery

14. External genital organs
Scrotum 阴囊
Pouch of thin skin lying below the root of the penis
Divided into two haves by septum of scrotum, contains testes and their ducts
Deep to skin is dartos coat 肉膜, a connective tissue layer that contains many smooth muscle fibers which contracts in response to cold, pulling the testes closer to the body and wrinkling the skin

15. Parietal peritoneum
Transvers fascia
Obliquus internus
abdominis
Trasversus abdominis
Aponeurosis of obliquus externus abdominis
External spermatic fascia
精索外筋膜
Parietal layer
Visceral
layer
Cremastter 提睾肌
Internal spermatic fascia
精索内筋膜
Vaginal
cavity
Tunica vaginalis of testis
睾丸鞘膜

16. Penis 阴茎 Consists of the root, body and glans penis Contains
Two cavernous body of penis 阴茎海绵体
A cavernous body of urethra 尿道海绵体
Skin－thin and loose
Prepuce of penis 阴茎包皮
Frenulum of prepuce 包皮系带

17. Male urethra 男性尿道 Three parts
Prostatic part 前列腺部 －lies within the prostate and is the widest and most dilatable portion of urethra.
Membranous part 膜部 –lies within the urogenital diaphragm surround by the sphincter of urethra
Cavernous part 海绵体部－transverse the length of cavernous body of urethra
Posterior urethra－prostatic part and membranous part
Anterior urethra –-cavernous part

18. Within prostatic part Urethral ridge 尿道嵴 Prostatic utricle 前列腺小囊
The orifices of the ejaculatory ducts

19. Three constrictions Three enlarged parts
At the internal urethral orifice
At the membranous part
At the external orifice of urethra
Three enlarged parts
At prostatic part
At bulb of urethra
At navicular fossa of urethra

20. Two curvatures Subpubic curvature耻骨下弯－concave upward
Prepubic curvature 耻骨前弯－concave downward

21. The Female Genital Organs

22. Female internal genital organs

23. Ovary 卵巢
Position－lies in the ovarian fossa in the angle between the internal and external iliac vessels on the lateral pelvic wall.
Shape－an ovoid organ
Superior pole
Inferior pole
Anterior border
Mesovarian border 系膜缘
Hilum of ovary 卵巢门
Posterior border－free border
Two surfaces－medial and lateral

24. Supporting structures of ovary
Suspensory ligament of ovary 卵巢悬韧带
Proper ligament of ovary 卵巢固有韧带
Produce ova and secrete estrogens

25. Uterine tube 输卵管 General features About 10cm long
Located at upper edge of broad ligament of uterus between the two layers

26. Four parts Infundibulum of uterine tube 输卵管漏斗
Fimbriae of uterine tube 输卵管伞
ovarian fimbriartery 卵巢伞
Ampulla of uterine tube 输卵管壶腹－relatively wide, tortuous, longst part, thin walls; fertilization of the ovum takes placein its complex lumen

27. Isthmus of uterine tube 输卵管峡 －straight and narrow portion, thick walls, it is the place where the tubal ligation is performed usually
Uterine part 子宫部 －narrowest part, pierces uterine wall and opens into cavity of uterus by uterine orifice of uterine tube

28. Uterus 子宫 General features－muscular pear-shaped organ Three parts
Fundus of uterus 子宫底
Body of uterus 子宫体
Neck of uterus 子宫颈
Vaginalparts of cervix 子宫颈阴道部
Supravaginal parts of cervix 子宫颈阴道上部
Isthmus of uterus子宫峡 －short constricted part, transition between the body and the neck of uterus, taken up by body of uterus during pregnancy, thus “lower uterine segment”

29. Interior cavity
Cavity of uterus 子宫腔－the cavity of body of uterus, is triangular in coronal section
Canal of cervix of uterus 子宫颈管－the cavity of the neck, is spindle-shaped， opens into the vagina at the orifice of uterus子宫口

31. Position Anteversion 前倾 －axis of uterus at 90o with that of vagina
Lies in the center of the pelvic catity, between bladder, anteriorly, and rectum, posteriorly, usually it is anteversion and anteflexion
Anteversion 前倾 －axis of uterus at 90o with that of vagina
Anteflexion 前屈 －axis of body of uterus is bent forward with that of the cervix forming an angle of about 170o (body of uterus is bent slightly forward at isthmus)
90o
170o

32. Supports of uterus Pelvic diaphragm
Surrounding organs : vagina and bladder
Ligaments
Broad ligament of uterus 子宫阔韧带
Round ligament of uterus 子宫圆韧带 －maintain anteverted position of fundus
Cardinal ligament of uterus 子宫主韧带
Uterosacral ligament of uterus 骶子宫韧带

33. Broad ligament of uterus 子宫阔韧带
Mesosalpinx for the uterine tubes 输卵管系膜
Mesometrium for the ovary 卵巢系膜
Mesovarium 子宫系膜

34. Cardinal ligament of uterus 子宫主韧带 －confer lateral stability to cervical region
Uterosacral ligament of uterus 骶子宫韧带 －maintain body of uterus in anteverted position.

35. Vagina 阴道 Flattened fibromuscular tube, about 8～9cm long
Extends upward and backward from vestibule to uterus
Fornix of vagina 阴道穹
Formed between cervix and walls of vagina
Posterior fornix deepest and larger than either anterior or lateral fornices, and related to the rectouterine pouch

36. Accessory gland Great vestibular gland 前庭大腺
On either side of vaginal orifice
Open into vestibule at orifice of vagina

37. Female external genital organs
Mons pubis 阴阜
Greater lips of pudendum 大阴唇
Lesser lips of pudendum 小阴唇
Vaginal vestibule 阴道前庭
Clitoris 阴蒂
Bulb of vestibule 前庭球