1. Danilo Domenici On behalf of the KLOE-2 IT subgroup Vienna Conference on Instrumentation 2013

2. VCI 2013 – 12/02/2013 D. Domenici – INFN-LNF 2  Drift Chamber (He/iC 4 H 10 light gas mixture)  EM Calorimeter (Pb/SciFi, excellent time resolution)  0.52 T Magnetic Field (Superconductive coil)  Dafne  factory (e + e - at 1020 MeV and L int =10fb -1 /y)

3. VCI 2013 – 12/02/2013 D. Domenici – INFN-LNF 3 LET QCAL InnerTracker 3 new detectors will be inserted before summer:  Photon taggers (HET/LET for γγ interactions)  Low angle Calorimeters (CCAL/QCAL to improve solid angle coverage)  Inner Tracker (to improve vertex resulution) resolution on K S  ππ vertex from c  S to c  S /3

4. VCI 2013 – 12/02/2013 D. Domenici – INFN-LNF 4  4 layers at 13/15.5/18/20.5 cm from IP and 700 mm active length   r φ  250 µm and  z  400 µm in 0.42 T magnetic field  XV strips-pads readout (20 o ÷30 o stereo angle)  2% X 0 total radiation length in the active region 3 mm 2 mm Cathode GEM 1 GEM 2 GEM 3 Anode Read-out Cylindrical Triple GEM FEE boards

5. VCI 2013 – 12/02/2013 D. Domenici – INFN-LNF 5 700 mm 300 ÷ 430 mm  First batch ever produced with a single-mask etching technique developed by CERN-TE-MPE-EM and RD51 to produce large area foils  The top side of the active area is divided in 40 sectors  The HV connections are grouped in 4 tails that are directly connectorized  Each sector can be set to down voltage, ground or float by an external jumper pinholes gas holes

6. VCI 2013 – 12/02/2013 D. Domenici – INFN-LNF 6 few sectors with current > 1 nA @600 V GEM is tested in a N 2 flushed plexiglass box to reduce RH below 10% Each Sector must draw a current < 1nA @ 600V Discharge rate is measured over a period of ~1h Discharge rate @600 V

7. VCI 2013 – 12/02/2013 D. Domenici – INFN-LNF 7 Epoxy glue is distributed by hand on a 2 mm wide line 3 GEM foils are spliced together with a 3 mm overlap and closed in a vacuum bag (0.9 bar) Alignement pinholes Vacuum holes Alignement pinholes Vacuum holes

8. VCI 2013 – 12/02/2013 D. Domenici – INFN-LNF 8 Vacuum bag is closed GEM is protected with a Mylar sheet and wrapped on the cylindrical mold Transpirant tissue is placed around to distribute vacuum Final cylindrical GEM with internal and external rings

9. VCI 2013 – 12/02/2013 D. Domenici – INFN-LNF 9 Inner layer is glues on the mold Nomex honeycomb is glued on the cathode foil Cathode is rolled on the mold and glued in a vacuum bag Final electrode

10. VCI 2013 – 12/02/2013 D. Domenici – INFN-LNF 10 X strip V strip X pitch 650µm  X res 190µm (250µm @ B=0.5T) V pitch 650µm  Y res 350µm Readout plane is realized at CERN TE-MPE-EM as a kapton/copper multilayer flexible circuit. It provides 2-dimensional readout with XV strips on the same plane  X are realized as longitudinal strips  V are realized by connection of pad through conductive holes and a common backplane  Pitch is 650 µm for both

11. VCI 2013 – 12/02/2013 D. Domenici – INFN-LNF 11 is rolled over the mold …and closed in a vacuum bag 1k strips 1M pads Readout circuit obtained by splicing 3 foils …glued…

12. VCI 2013 – 12/02/2013 D. Domenici – INFN-LNF 12 first 90µm CF skin5mm HC second 90µm CF skin curing 24h in autoclave final readout electrode  Then the circuit is shielded with with a very ligth Carbon fiber composite structure realized by an external company (RiBa Composites, Faenza, IT)  The shield is composed by a sandwich of two 90 µm thick carbon foils prepreg with epoxy spaced by a 5 mm thick Nomex honeycomb

13. VCI 2013 – 12/02/2013 D. Domenici – INFN-LNF 13  To avoid possible relaxation of the gaps due e.g. to thermal expansion of the foils, we fix a spacing grid on the GEMs (only for Layers 3 and 4)  It is realized by assembling 8 rings and 12 rods of 300 µm thick PEEK PEEK grid assembled grid fixed on the GEM

14. VCI 2013 – 12/02/2013 D. Domenici – INFN-LNF 14 The GEM is placed on the Machine with its mold Everything is aligned with an axial precision of ≈0.1mm/1.5m The Readout is moved down around the GEM Anode GEM A Vertical Insertion Machine is used to assemble the 5 electrodes of a Cylindrical-GEM

15. VCI 2013 – 12/02/2013 D. Domenici – INFN-LNF 15 Internal GEM surface with the anular FR4 flange Detector is sealed by an epoxy flow Insertion machine is rotated to seal both sides Final C-GEM detector

16. VCI 2013 – 12/02/2013 D. Domenici – INFN-LNF 16  The 3 innermost Layers have been completed and tested with β source and cosmic rays  The Layer4 has been closed last week  At the end of February the 4 layers will be inserted one into another and mounted on the Dafne beam pipe Layer 1 Layer 2 Layer 3 Layer 4 FEE boards with Gastone chip

17. VCI 2013 – 12/02/2013 D. Domenici – INFN-LNF 17 Technology0.35 CMOS - no radhard Sensitivity (pF)20 mV/fC Z IN 400 Ω (low frequency) C DET 1 – 50 pF Peaking time90 – 200 ns (1-50 pF) Noise (erms)800 e - + 40 e - /pF Channels/chip64 ReadoutLVDS/Serial Power consum.≈ 0.6 mA/ch 128 channels GASTONE Board  Mixed analog-digital circuit  Low input equivalent noise, low power consumption and high integrated chip  4 blocks: 1. charge sensitive preamplifier 2. shaper 3. leading-edge discriminator 4. monostable Visit the Gastone poster by Flavio Loddo

18. VCI 2013 – 12/02/2013 D. Domenici – INFN-LNF 18  All the detectors have been tested with a cosmic-ray test-stand equipped with an external Tracking System provided by 3 planar GEMs 10x10 cm 2  Final signal and HV cables, FEE and DAQ systems have been used in the tests  The test-stand is also equipped with a 90 Sr movable source to perform fast measurements without tracking

19. VCI 2013 – 12/02/2013 D. Domenici – INFN-LNF 19 Z resolution r- φ resolution (bending plane) KLOE field 0.52 T  Space resolution has been measured as a function of a transverse Magnetic Field to reproduce the KLOE situation  In the bending plane the electrons are spreaded by the field with a consequent increase of space resolution  At the KLOE field of 0.52 T the resolution  r φ  250 µm is still within the experiment requirement  The field effect is not visible in the non-bending plane as expected

20. VCI 2013 – 12/02/2013 D. Domenici – INFN-LNF 20  The capacitive coupling between the GEM3 Down and the Readout plane could result in induced currents causing high-multiplicity «splash events»  The effect is strongly suppressed by coupling the GEM3 Down to Ground through a series RC circuit with large capacitance and small resistance without BC C = 2.2 nF R = 10 Ω

21. VCI 2013 – 12/02/2013 D. Domenici – INFN-LNF 21 The profile of the source in 6 different positions is reconstructed by triggering the DAQ with a clock signal This fast test allows to check the cabling and the uniformity of the detector

22. VCI 2013 – 12/02/2013 D. Domenici – INFN-LNF 22 Cosmics hits are reconstructed by requiring a track in the 3 planar GEMs

23. VCI 2013 – 12/02/2013 D. Domenici – INFN-LNF 23 Z vs X (Lego View) noise cosmic tracks

24. VCI 2013 – 12/02/2013 D. Domenici – INFN-LNF 24

25. VCI 2013 – 12/02/2013 D. Domenici – INFN-LNF 25

26. VCI 2013 – 12/02/2013 D. Domenici – INFN-LNF 26  Last October in Frascati we organized a Cylindrical GEM Mini-workshop dedicated to this novel technology  Among the participants there were: Rui de Oliveira from CERN workshop where the GEM foils are produced Qun Ouyang from IHEP Beijing Lev Shekhtman from INP Novosibirsk  A very strong interest have been shown by our chinese and russian collegues to exploit the Cylindrical GEM technology on the future upgrades of the BESIII and VEPP2000 experiments

27. VCI 2013 – 12/02/2013 D. Domenici – INFN-LNF 27  We exploited the intrinsic lightness and flexibility of a GEM detector to build a fully cylindrical Inner Tracker without frames in the active area and an X 0 ≈ 2%  After more than one year of construction time we have completed the 4 Layers that will be mounted as upgrade of the KLOE detector  The detectors have been extensively tested showing a good operational stability and the expected performance  We are collaborating with other groups that have expessed interest on Cylindrical GEMs in order to improve such technology and expand its operational field

28. VCI 2013 – 12/02/2013 D. Domenici – INFN-LNF 28

29. VCI 2013 – 12/02/2013 D. Domenici – INFN-LNF 29 Material Radiation Length (cm) Copper1,43 Polyimide - Kapton28,6 Carbon fiber28 Argon14000 Isobuthane17000 Epoxy - Araldite 201133,5 Honeycomb - Nomex1250 Fiberglass - FR416 Air30500 Aluminum8 Gold0,33 Thickness (µm) Radiation Length (%) Copper31,68E-04 Polyimide501,40E-04 Copper31,68E-04 GEM foil564,76E-04 Copper32,10E-04 Polyimide501,75E-04 Honeycomb30002,40E-04 Polyimide501,75E-04 Copper32,10E-04 Cathode foil31061,01E-03 Gold0,13,03E-05 Copper52,45E-04 Polyimide501,75E-04 Copper51,05E-04 Epoxy12,53,73E-05 Polyimide1254,37E-04 Epoxy12,53,73E-05 Polyimide501,75E-04 Copper32,10E-04 Gold0,13,03E-05 Anode Foil2631,48E-03 Carbon fiber903,21E-04 Honeycomb50002,40E-04 Carbon fiber903,21E-04 CF Shield32009,54E-04 Total 1 Layer4,93E-03 Total 4 Layers1,97E-02 The KLOE-2 requirement of X0 < 2% is fulfilled Gas (90% Ar – 10% iC4H10)90006,29E-05

30. VCI 2013 – 12/02/2013 D. Domenici – INFN-LNF 30

31. VCI 2013 – 12/02/2013 D. Domenici – INFN-LNF 31  Gas gain measurement performed in current mode using as normalization a refernce detector with known gain  Discharge measurement performed with a 141 Am α source  KLOE2 chosen mixture Ar/Isobuthane (90/10) is compared with the standard gas mixture Ar/Co 2 (70/30)  Our working gain will be 2 x 10 4

32. VCI 2013 – 12/02/2013 D. Domenici – INFN-LNF 32 V Strip# Shorts Made by a 100 ps precision Time Domain Reflectometer Transmission line length and its damages evaluated by measuring the delay of the reflected signal

33. VCI 2013 – 12/02/2013 D. Domenici – INFN-LNF 33