1. Lauren Kane & Maggie Gavin
Rwandan Genocide
Lauren Kane & Maggie Gavin

2. Background: Ethnic Tensions
Mostly agricultural economy
One of the highest population densities in Africa
85% is Hutu
15% is Tutsi
A pygmy group who were the original inhabitants
Rwanda came under the mandate of Belgium after WWI. The Belgians favored the minority Tutsi over the Hutu. Tension between the two groups created violence even before Rwanda gained its independence.
Hutu revolution in 1959 forced 300,000 Tutsis out of the country.

3. Hutus & Tutsis HUTU TUTSI Dark Brown skin color A larger tribe
Lower class
Religion: Christianity
Shorter
Shy
Light Brown skin color
A smaller tribe
Higher class
Cattle-herding warrior’s
Religion: Christianity
Liked the military
Taller

4. Causes of the Rwandan Genocide
Ongoing ethnical tensions between the Tutsis and the Hutus
Belgian Colonial Rule- gave the Tutsi a Western education but denied political & economic power to the Hutu
Rwandan Independence (1963)- Tutsis were discriminated against and exiled to Uganda
Civil War when Tutsis returned in 1990
April 6, plane carrying the presidents of Rwanda (Juvenal Habyarimana) and Burundi (Cyprian Ntayamira ) was shot down over Rwanda’s capital, Kigali, leaving no survivors.

5. Genocide
Immediately after the plane crash, the Presidential guard, the Rwandan armed forces, and Hutu militia groups began to set up roadblocks and barricades. They began the mass murder of the Tutsis and moderate Hutus.
First victims: moderate Hutu Prime Minster Agathe Uwilingiyimana and her 10 Belgian bodyguards

6. Genocide (cont.)
The killings quickly spread to the rest of the county.
800,000 people were slaughtered over a three month period.
Also during this period, both local and government radio stations called for civilians to murder their neighbors, also referred to as “hate radio”
After the RPF captured Kigali and the government collapsed around two million Hutus went to Zaire now known as Congo
Most people who survived children and/or spouses either died or had contracted HIV
Some of the victims suffered from psychological problems later from the events that went on from April to July.

7. Aftermath of the Genocide
Mass murder of 75% of the Tutsi population
Close to 9% of the adult population is HIV positive
The Tutsis ran the government in by 1997
United Nations Security Council established the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda
Prosecution of the people responsible for genocide and other serious violations of international humanitarian law committed in Rwanda in the year 1994.
Children are having trouble trusting the world again after everything they have seen

8. Timeline
Nov Rwanda is assigned to Germany as a part of German East Africa
Tutsi chiefs maintained power over the Hutu
Oct Belgium if granted League of Nations mandate to govern Rwanda
They ruled indirectly through Tutsi kings
Nov Hutu uprising
Tutsi had always been favored over the Hutus, and the Hutus rebelled against the Belgian power and the Tutsi kings  caused over 100,000 Tutsis to flee
July 1, Rwanda gains independence
Monarchy was abolished and a republic was announced

9. Timeline (cont.) Sept. 1962- Rwanda is admitted as a UN Member State
Dec Massacres of Tutsis
Around 20,000 Tutsis were killed in response to a military attack by exiled Tutsis from Burundi
Caused more refugees to leave the country (half the Tutsi pop. was living outside of Rwanda)
Jan Rwandan army begins to train/arm civilian militias
Thousands of Tutsis were killed in massacres around the country
Oct RPF invades Rwanda
All Tutsis outside of the country were thought to be involved
April Plane carrying Presidents of Burundi and Rwanda is shot down in Kigali, killing all aboard

10. Timeline (cont.)
April 7, Rwanda’s Prime Minister and 10 UN peacekeepers are killed – start of genocide
April 21, UN peacekeeping forces are reduced
June 22, UN Security Council authorizes “Operation Turquoise”
Led by French forces
July 19, RPF gains control of the country – end of the genocide
Nov. 8, International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda is established
UN Security Council

11. Recovery: A New Rwanda
Working to create a new Rwanda based on shared ideas of the past
Rather than restore society to what it was before the genocide, the government wants to build something new
One people, one country, open to all Rwandans regardless of ethnic identity
New Rwanda is being shaped by western culture and China’s economic influence

12. Pledge to Awareness
We pledge to raise awareness and work to prevent further genocides from occurring.

13. Works Cited http://www.history.com/topics/rwandan-genocide