1. Session 9: Culture and Cultural Norms

2. Define the terms culture and cultural norms

3.  Can be difficult to define culture as people have different ideas of the meaning of culture  Definitions offered are from cultural researchers

5.  Culture is both: ◦ a system: values, schemas, models, artifacts ◦ a process: rituals, daily routines and practices This is a good description to accompany a more detailed definition

6. Shraev and Levy (2004) A set of attitudes, behaviours and symbols shared by a large group of people and usually communicated from one generation to the next

7. Shraev and Levy (2004) A set of attitudes, behaviours and symbols shared by a large group of people and usually communicated from one generation to the next  Shraev and Levy’s definition refers to cultural attitudes, behaviours and symbols, terms which they explain as follows: ◦ Attitudes include beliefs (for example, political, religious and moral beliefs), values, superstitions, and stereotypes. ◦ Behaviours include norms, customs, traditions and fashions. ◦ Symbols can be words, gestures, pictures, or objects that carry a meaning which is recognized only by those who share a particular culture.

9.  Rules that a specific group uses for stating what is seen as appropriate and inappropriate behaviours, values, beliefs and attitudes  Cultural norms can be: ◦ Explicit (e.g. legal codes) ◦ Implicit (i.e. conventional practices and rituals)

11.  Give people a sense of order and control in their lives as well as a sense of safety and belonging

12.  Communication style  Whom to marry and how  Child-rearing practices  Interaction between generations  Attitudes towards alcohol consumption, dietary restrictions

13. Share with each other some cultural norms from your culture