1. Do donors raise their donations when they are aware of decreasing government subsidies? A survey experiment Arjen de Wit & René Bekkers Philanthropic Studies, VU Amsterdam 44 th ARNOVA Annual Conference, Chicago, IL, USA, November 19, 2015

2. In a theory of purely altruistic motivation for charitable giving... …people value certain public goods in society… …see where others spend their money on… and respond to needs: they donate to public goods that are not yet funded by others.

3. However...

4. pure altruism What participants in economic experiments do: -.64 What donors to actual nonprofit organizations do: +.06

5. It may be... That people outside the lab simply do not know how much subsidies an organization receives, and whether this increased or decreased; Or that they simply do not change their donations even if they know how subsidies changed. (Horne et al. 2005)

6. The current project What if people knew about actual subsidy cuts? Let’s tell them. In a survey experiment. And then see what they think (believe) and what they do.

7. The data Giving in the Netherlands Panel Survey 2014, random and High Net Worth (HNW) sample. Respondents in the random sample are from a pool of people who registered for participating in surveys; HNW sample is invited through postal mail N=2,458; response rates: 80% / 12% (HNW)

8. Experimental design (1) After filling out the survey, respondents receive a reward in the form of token points. The number of points depends on the time it took them to complete the questionnaire. Average earnings worth € 3,23. Token points can be exchanged for vouchers, Air Miles or donations to one out of four preselected charitable organizations

9. Experimental design (2) Charity: KWF Kankerbestrijding, Dutch Cancer Society Funds cancer research and helps cancer patients One of the most popular fundraising organizations in the Netherlands

10. Experimental design (3) Base line appeal: 'The Dutch charities are in need of your support.‘ + Information on lost subsidies: 'The Dutch charities are in need of your support. KWF Kankerbestrijding for example received € 361,000 on government subsidies in 2011 but received no subsidies in 2012.'

11. Manipulation check: beliefs Perceived subsidy change: 'What do you think, did KWF Kankerbestrijding receive more, an equal amount of, or less government subsidies in 2012 compared with 2011?‘

12. Scenario question After the participants made their choices, we asked them the following hypothetical question: 'Imagine that you would have heard that KWF Kankerbestrijding received [more/an equal amount of/less] government subsidies in 2012 compared with 2011, what would you have done with your reward?'

13. People who believe subsidies decreased are more likely to donate

14. Providing information further increases the number of donors

15. No significant differences for amount donated

16. Moderators of the information effect

17. Most people do not change their giving with different information Stopped donating Did not change decision Started donating Control group first, then in scenario: “Imagine that subsidies decreased” 096.93.1 Information first, then in scenario: “Imagine that subsidies increased / did not change” 1.897.21.0

18. ...but 3% does! Stopped donating Did not change decision Started donating Control group first, then in scenario: “Imagine that subsidies decreased” 096.93.1 Information first, then in scenario: “Imagine that subsidies increased / did not change” 1.897.21.0

19. Most people do not change their giving with different information Stopped donating Did not change decision Started donating Control group first, then in scenario: “Imagine that subsidies decreased” 096.93.1 Information first, then in scenario: “Imagine that subsidies increased / did not change” 1.897.21.0

20. Conclusions People who are aware of subsidy cuts are more likely to donate Providing information about subsidy cuts increases share of donors from 9% to 11%, that is a relative increase of 22% Awareness of need is important in explaining people's reactions to government policies

21. Conclusions People who are aware of subsidy cuts are more likely to donate Providing information about subsidy cuts increases share of donors from 9% to 11%, that is a relative increase of 22% Awareness of need is important in explaining people's reactions to government policies

22. Thank you. Arjen de Wit @arjen_dewit a.de.wit@vu.nl René Bekkers @renebekkers r.bekkers@vu.nl