1. BIOMOLECULES MACROMOLECULES  made by polymerization- large compounds built by joining smaller ones together.  Smaller units (subunits) are called monomers.  4 major molecules important to life.  Carbohydrates, lipids, nucleic acids and proteins.

2. BIO BUILDING BLOCKS

3. CARBOHYDRATES  1:2:1 RATIO  1 Carbon: 2 Hydrogen: 1 Oxygen  Example: the sugar glucose - C 6 H 12 O 6  Monomer – Monosaccharide  Polymer - Polysaccharide  Main source of energy for living things  Also has structural purpose for living things. 1. Plant cells have cell walls made of cellulose 2. Animal cells store excess sugars as glycogen

4. CARBOHYDRATES

7. Carbohydrate Polymer Monomer (subunit)

8. LIPIDS  Made of Carbon and Hydrogen  NOT soluble in water (hydrophobic)  doesn’t mix with water  Used to store energy, as chemical messengers (hormones, steroids)  Part of the cell membrane (phospholipids).  Saturated-Solid at room temperature. No double bonds  Unsaturated-liquid at room temperature. Double bonds between Carbons.

9. LIPIDS

10. LIPIDS - triglyceride

11. Phospholipids – cell membrane component Phospholipids: fatty acids bound to glycerol, a phosphate group replaces one fatty acid. Phosphate group is hydrophilic—”water loving head” “Water fearing tails” are fatty acid chains— hydrophobic

12. Lipid Cell walls

13. NUCLEIC ACIDS  Composed of Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen, Carbon and Phosphorus.  Subunits (monomers) are called nucleotides.  Store and transmit hereditary information.  Ex. DNA, RNA

14. Nucleic Acids Monomer Polymer

15. NUCLEIC ACIDS RNA—ribose DNA—deoxyribose

16. NUCLEIC ACIDS - nucleotides

17. PROTEINS  Composed of Nitrogen, Carbon, Hydrogen, and Oxygen.  Monomers are called amino acids  Control rate of reactions  Function in transport and formation of bone and muscle cells.  Folded shape is important in enzyme recognition process.

18. Proteins Monomers Polymers

19. PROTEINS –amino acids

20. Video Review over Biomolecules  http://youtu.be/PYH63o10iTE http://youtu.be/PYH63o10iTE http://youtu.be/n9eWhSbjSFI