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Ch. 16: Managing Change and Organizational Learning External Forces: Demographics Technology Customer & market changes Social & political environment Internal Forces: Culture Morale and attitudes Experience with change
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Views on Managing Change: Holistic Model of Change Agency A change agent facilitates, implements, champions and manages change A change agent can be internal or external to the organization Gilley et al. (2001)
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Views on Managing Change: Holistic Model of Change Agency Four Core Roles: 1.Business partner (BRAIN) 2. Servant leader (HEART) 3. Change champion (COURAGE) 4. Future shaper (VISION)
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Views on Managing Change: Managing Transitions CHANGE is situational, the context TRANSITION is the psychological process we go through to come to terms with the new situation (I.e., the change). Bridges (1991)
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Views on Managing Change: Managing Transitions (2) Transition is essential; change will not work without it Transition Steps: 1. Ending 2. Neutral Zone 3.New Beginning Transitions often happen much more slowly than the external change.
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Views on Managing Change: Cox (2001) Change Model 1. Leadership Vision, philosophy Personal involvement Communication strategy 2. Research and measure Culture assessment Benchmarking
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Views on Managing Change: Cox (2001) Change Model 3. Education Re: managing change Develop in-house expertise 4. Alignment of management system E.g., recruiting, hiring, perf. mgmt., T&D 5. Follow-up Accountability Continuous improvement
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Views on Managing Change: Kotter’s 8 Stage Model 1. Establishing sense of urgency 2. Creating a guiding coalition 3. Developing a vision and strategy 4. Communicating the change vision 5. Empowering broad-based action Kotter (1996, 2002)
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Views on Managing Change: Kotter’s 8 Stage Model (2) 6. Creating short-term wins 7. Consolidating gains and producing more change 8. Anchoring new approaches in the culture Kotter (1996, 2002)
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Views on Managing Change: Nickol’s Change Mgmt 101 3 Goals in moving from one state to another a. Transform b. Reduce c. Apply
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Views on Managing Change: Lewin’s Change Model 1.Unfreezing 2.Changing 3.Refreezing So, what skills are required to be a change agent?
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