1. Common Injuries Sports Medicine I

2. Heel Bruise Absorbs impact from sports activities Absorbs impact from sports activities Disabling contusion Disabling contusion Heel cups to absorb impact Heel cups to absorb impact Cold application reduce swelling and pain Cold application reduce swelling and pain

3. Heel Spur Bony outgrowth on the calcaneus Bony outgrowth on the calcaneus Causes painful inflammation of tissue Causes painful inflammation of tissue Aggravated by exercise Aggravated by exercise

4. Compartment Syndrome Anterior Compartment Anterior Compartment –Tibialis anterior –Extensor hallucis longus –Extensor digitorum longus –Peroneus tertius Lateral Compartment Lateral Compartment –Peroneus longus –Peroneus brevis

5. Compartment Syndrome Superficial Posterior Compartment Superficial Posterior Compartment –Gastrocnemius –Soleus –Plantaris Deep Posterior Compartment Deep Posterior Compartment –Tibialis posterior –Flexor digitorum longus –Flexor hallucis longus –popliteus

6. Compartment Syndrome More common to anterior or lateral compartment More common to anterior or lateral compartment Can be mistaken for shin splints Can be mistaken for shin splints Excessive exercise can result in hemorrhage and swelling Excessive exercise can result in hemorrhage and swelling Increases pressure on peroneal nerve, veins, and arteries Increases pressure on peroneal nerve, veins, and arteries Muscle cells die Muscle cells die

8. Achilles Tendon Strain Strongest tendon in the body Strongest tendon in the body A tear, can be career- threatening A tear, can be career- threatening Inserts at calcaneus Inserts at calcaneus Depending on force, a rupture can occur Depending on force, a rupture can occur Caused by Caused by –Overuse –Muscle imbalance –Inflexibility –Sudden movement

11. Stress Fractures Lack of exercise can lead to deterioration of the bone Lack of exercise can lead to deterioration of the bone Often occur in lower extremity Often occur in lower extremity Early x-rays may not reveal evidence Early x-rays may not reveal evidence Specific point tenderness Specific point tenderness Pain is constant Pain is constant Medical referral is recommended Medical referral is recommended