1. Intro to Biological Oceanography
Classification of organisms

3. Biodiversity
The term Biodiversity refers to the variety of life in a given area.
Because there is such great biodiversity on Earth, a formal system is used to classify or categorize each type of organism.
We call this classification taxonomy

4. Taxonomy
A taxonomist is a scientist who classifies organisms in an ordered system that indicates evolutionary relationships.
Aristotle developed the first system of classification
Carolus Linnaeus developed a formal system of naming organisms in two parts in Latin we use today

5. Taxonomy This is called binomial nomenclature.
Both names are italicized.
First word is capitalized, second word is lower case.
Ex: Tursiops truncatus
Common name: Bottlenose dolphin
Genus
Species

6. Binomial Nomenclature
This naming system allows scientists across the planet to know which organism is which.
While one culture may call a lion a lion, another culture may call it löwe.
Across the planet, scientists can all use the same name Panthera leo. 

7. Taxonomy "Do keep piling chocolate on for goodness sakes.“ Domain
Kingdom
Phylum
Class
Order
Family
Genus
Species

9. Common name: Whale Shark
Domain Eukarya
Kingdom Animalia
Phylum Chordata
Class Chondrichthyes
Order Orectolobiformes
Family Rhincodontidae
Genus Rhincodon
Species R. typus

10. Common name: By the wind sailor Example: Velella velella

11. 3 Domains Eukarya – All eukaryotic organisms
The only domain we will cover
Archae – archaebacterial (extreme bacteria)
Eubacteria – common bacteria

12. Animal Diversity 6 Kingdoms Animalia Plantae Fungi Protista Archae
Bacteria

13. Multiple Phyla Divided into about 33 major groups
Each Phylum represents a distinct body plan.
The difference between phyla is much greater than the difference between species within an individual phylum.
The vast majority of all animal species (over 95%) belong to “Big Nine”.

14. “The Big Nine”
Chordata – has a notochord (precursor to backbone)

15. “The Big Nine”
Echinodermata – spiny skin Ex: Sea star, urchins

16. “The Big Nine”
Mollusca – soft body Ex: Octopus, squid, clams

17. “The Big Nine”
Cnidaria – Stinging cells Ex: Jellyfish, corals, anemones

18. “The Big Nine”
Arthropoda – Jointed Appendages Ex: crabs, lobster

19. “The Big Nine”
Porifera – Assymetry Ex: Sea Sponge

20. “The Big Nine”
Nematoda, Annelida, Platyhelminthe - Worms

21. Classification graphic organizer

22. Animal Diversity
Out of all these phyla, only one is not represented in the ocean – the little velvet worm called onychphorans
By contrast 14 of them are only found in the ocean.

23. Animal Diversity
The animal diversity in the ocean is much greater than it is on land….and….
Many new ocean species have yet to be discovered!!!

24. Animal Diversity – not in notes
For example – In 1998 scientists discovered that what had previously been viewed as two species of commercially valuable deep-sea crabs was really 18 different species!!

25. Animal Diversity In 2001 a 23 foot squid was discovered.
In 2003 a blood red, 2-3 foot long jelly fish with no tentacles was discovered.
These are just examples of the
ocean species being discovered
all the time…. Many more are yet to
be documented!!

26. 2014
Skeleton shrimp
Walking Bamboo Shark
Unusual marine species

27. The Underappreciated Multitudes (Back to notes)
Animals seem to get most of the attention when we talk about diversity, but the ocean is full of plants, algae, bacteria, and protists that often get overlooked (the remaining 4 kingdoms).

28. The Underappreciated Multitudes
Microscopic primary producers (single celled algae) and other organisms capable of making their own energy are the foundation of most marine food webs.
These organisms are able to make their own energy from sunlight or chemicals.

29. The Underappreciated Multitudes
Organisms that can make their own food are called producers or autotrophs
Organisms that use sunlight to make their own food undergo the process of photosynthesis
Organisms that use chemicals to make their own food undergo the process of chemosynthesis