2. Chapter One Notes

3. “The Nature of Science” The process of observing and studying things in our world

4. 4 Main Areas of Science Chemistry Physics Biology Earth Science

5. Earth Science (4 areas) Geology Meteorology Astronomy Oceanography

6. Technology- the use of scientific discoveries Examples: T.V.; artificial hearts; telephones; computers; robots; plastic razors; fast food wrappers

7. Advantages/Disadvantages Disposable items are more convenient/ but fill our landfills cars allow us to travel freely/ but they use fossil fuels that pollute air

8. Scientific Method-a series of steps used to solve problems Define the problem. Make a hypothesis. Experiment/analyze the results. Draw conclusions. ***Steps vary according to the scientist and the problem.

9. Variables Scientists design an experiment so that changes to one item cause something else to vary in a predictable way.

10. Variables (cont.) An experiment usually has three kinds of variables: independent, dependent, and controlled.

11. The independent variable is the one that is changed by the scientist and there is only one independent variable. Variables (cont.)

12. Dependent variable changes in response to the independent variable. Often more than 1 dependent variable.

13. Controls are used to prevent factors other than those being studied from affecting the outcome. Variables (cont.)

14. Experiments Must have a minimum of 3 trials when testing.

15. Lab. Safety Before beginning a lab., understand all safety procedures. Wear goggles when heating, pouring, or using chemicals.

16. Lab. Safety Always slant test tubes away from all students when heating them. Keep materials away from flames, including hair and clothing. Never eat or drink in the lab. Never inhale chemicals.

17. Lab. Safety Know what to do in case of a fire. Report any accident or injury to your teacher. Clean up after experiments and wash hands after using chemicals.

18. Hypothesis

19. Theory

20. Law

21. Measurement Should always include a number and a unit of measure Examples: length= 152cm latitude=31°N time= 7:52 A.M. ***Metric is always used in Science.

22. Standard Units Meter (m) Liter (L) Gram (g) Celsius degrees (Cº)

23. Metric Prefixes Prefix Meaning kilo-1000 hecto-100 deka-10 deci-1/10 centi-1/100 milli-1/1000

24. Metric Conversion

25. Area (A=lw) Volume (V=lwh) Density (D=m/V) Common Formulas

26. Temperature Boiling point=temp. at which substance boils Melting point=temp. at which substance melts Freezing point=temp. at which substance freezes Example for water: Boiling point=100°C Absolute Zero (-273C°)

27. Graphing Types of graphs: bar pie line

28. BAR GRAPH Bar graphs are commonly used to compare information Uses thick bars to display info.

29. PIE GRAPH SCHOOL TRANSPORTATION BUS RIDERS 62% CAR RIDERS 25% WALKERS 13% Uses parts of a circle to show info.

30. LINE GRAPH H 5 E 4 I 3 G 2 H 1 T (m) JANAPRIL JULY OCT DEC MONTHS CRABGRASS GROWTH Shows relationship between 2 types of info.

31. THE END