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Introduction to Electronics Part II: Analog versus Digital 24 July 2012 Clive (Max) Maxfield
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Different Ways to View the World 2
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Do we Really Care About Analog? Increasing use of sensors – Automotive (airbags, brakes, navigation…) – Communications (servers, switches, infrastructure…) – White Goods (washers, dryers, microwaves…) – Consumer (cameras, tablets, smart phones/TVs…) – Industrial (HMIs, lighting, manufacturing, control…) – Medical (heart, blood pressure, oxygen, glucose…) The majority of sensors are inherently analog in nature 3
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Different Types of Sensors (just a few examples…) 4
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Multi-Valued Digital Signals 5
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Analog vs. Digital Views 6
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Brick Suspended by Elastic 7
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Analog Waveform 8
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Digital Waveform (2 Quanta) 9
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Digital Waveform (5 Quanta) 10
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Analog to Digital (and Back Again) 11 A/D = Analog-to-Digital; Another term is ADC (Analog-to-Digital Converter) D/A = Digital-to-Analog; Another term is DAC (Digital-to-Analog Converter)
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Analog-to-Digital Conversion 12
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Sampling and Quantization 13
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Digital-to-Analog Conversion 14
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Analog Signal Processing (ASP) 15
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16 Analog Signal Processing (ASP)
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Digital Signal Processing (DSP) 17
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DSP versus DSP 18 Problem: y = (a * b) + (c * d) + (e * f) General-purpose MPU or MCU Standalone chip Hard core in ASIC/SoC or FPGA Special-purpose DSP (Digital Signal Processor) Standalone chip Hard IP core in ASIC/SoC Hardware accelerator DSP algorithm/function Hard IP core in ASIC/SoC or Soft IP core in FPGA
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Old (and Not-So Old) Oscilloscopes 19
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Mixed-Signal Oscilloscope 20 www.oscium.com
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Digital Design – Logic Analyzer 21 www.oscium.com
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Further Reading 22
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