1. Estonian Action and Response Plan: Russian Interference European Security Consulting Group Taylor Brown, Viola Meyerweissflog, Marc Barnett and Benedikt Abendroth

2. Outline 1.Threat to Estonian National Security 2.Estonian Defense Forces 3.NATO Response Force (NRF) 4.Implementation and Use of NRF

3. 1.Threat to Estonian National Security 1.Political - Center Party 2.Economic a. Energy interdependence b. Eurozone - 2011 3.Social - Estonian identity Military capabilities: Estonia vs. Russia

4. 1.Threat to Estonian National Security

5. 2.Estonian Defense Forces 1.Budget - 4.856 Billion € 2.Land Forces - 3,800 Soldiers -Defense League - 13,000 Volunteer Soldiers 3.Navy - 300 Personnel 4.Air Force - 210 Personnel

6. 2.Triangle of Defense 1.Tallinn 2.Johvi 3.Parnu

7. 3.NATO’s Response Force (NRF) ●Estonia’s NATO Membership o → Article 5 o → Deployment of NRF ●From Prague to Wales o → Definition and Structure of the NRF o → Very High Readiness Joint Task Force (VJTF)

8. 3.Estonia’s cooperation with the NRF ●From 2005 - 2014 o Naval and Land Support o → Support Vessels and Special Forces ●Commencing 2014 o Increased Cooperation with Lithuania and Latvia o More NRF exercises

9. 4.Implementation and Use of NRF (1)Deployment -flexible -within Triangle of Defense

10. 4.Implementation and Use of NRF (2)Cyber Domain -Facilitation of NATO CCDCOE -Support of NRF missions - Concealment of deployed location - Offensive cyber activities

11. 4.Implementation and Use of NRF (3)Military Actions -Focus on high value and cost-effective targets -Possible Targets: - Communication from and to Kaliningrad - Eastern Gulf of Finland

12. Why the European Security Consulting Group? ●Already existing framework ●Based on most sophisticated military alliance ●Size of NRF matter of policy → flexible ●No extra costs

13. We appreciate your time. Questions? European Security Consulting Group Taylor Brown, Viola Meyerweissflog, Marc Barnett and Benedikt Abendroth