1. Defining features of

2. Arose out of disillusionment caused by the first world war.

3. Use of images as symbols. This is due in part to the influence of French symbolist poets such as Beaudelaire and Mallarme. Their poetry was intensely personal and used imaginative symbols to evoke emotions

4. Presentation of human experience in fragments. In novels, this takes the form of multiple narrators (and multiple perspectives) as well as disjointed chronology.

6. Use of previously taboo subjects. This often meant treating subjects previously considered too trivial, unpleasant, or private for the visual arts or literature. Sometimes this meant using the techniques of Realism (focusing on details of everyday life) or Naturalism (examining social and economic problems of the working class)

7. Attention to new psychological insights.

8. The work of pioneering psychologists (Freud, Jung, and William James) had a substantial influence on Modernist writers and artists.

10. The only normal people are the ones you don’t know very well. -Alfred Adler

16. Herman Hesse studied with Carl Jung, and Siddhartha is full of Jungian ideas.