2. It is a chronic neurodegenerating disease that usually starts slowly and gets worse over time.

3. Symptom problems with language, disorientation (including easily getting lost) mood swings loss of motivation not managing self care behavioral issues

4. Pre-dementia Stage often mistakenly to ageing or stress mild cognitive difficulties short term memory loss Apathy

5. Early Stage Difficulties with language, executive functions, perception, and execution of movements Shrinking vocabulary and decreased word fluency

6. Moderate Stage Unable to perform most common activities of daily living Complex motor sequences become less coordinated Long-term memory becomes impaired Wandering, irritability and labile affect Leading to crying, aggression

7. Advanced Stage Language: simple phrases or even complete loss of speech Extreme apathy and exhaustion Finally bedridden and unable to feed themselves

9. Amyloid Hypothesis Extracellular amyloid beta deposits are the main cause of the Alzheimer’s

10. Tau Hypothesis Hyperphosphorylated tau begins to pair with other threads of tau Neurofibrillary tangles formed inside nerve cell bodies

11. Neuropathology Loss of neurons and synapses in the cerebral cortex and certain subcortical regions Degeneration: temporal lobe and parietal lobe, parts of the frontal cortex and cingulate gyrus

14. Increase cerebral protection factor Mental activity or creative activities Learninging new knowledge Reading or playing Mahjong( 麻將 ) Drawing or cooking Traveling

15. Exercising Exercising twice or three times per week can relatively reduce 60% risk of Alzheimer’s disease

16. Mediterranean diet Relatively reduce 70% risk of Alzheimer’s disease Fish(rich in Omega-3 fatty acids) Olive oil Cerealgrain Fruit and vegetable Red wine

17. Social interactions Social interactions can relatively reduce 40% risk of Alzheimer’s disease The chances of a lonely person having Alzheimer’s disease may be doubled compared to a normal person.

18. Far from… 3H ： Hypertension, High blood cholesterol, High blood sugar Severe head trauma Smoking Depressive disorder

20. Medications Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors( 乙酰膽鹼酯酶抑製劑 ) NMDA receptor antagonist(NMDA 受體拮抗劑 ) Antipsychotic drugs( 抗精神病藥物 ) Huperzine A( 石杉鹼甲 )

21. Non-drug treatment Reminiscence therapy Music therapy Art therapy Pet therapy Cognitive Training

22. Feeding tubes People with Alzheimer's disease (and other forms of dementia) often develop problems with eating. In fact, their use might carry an increased risk of aspiration pneumonia, use of physical restraints, and increased risk of pressure ulcers.

24. There is no way to stop or restore brain cells have been damaged, but may be able to make the patient's symptoms were improved or delaying disease by using drugs or treatment.