1. Sound and Sense: Chapter 13

2. Onomatopoeia Words that sound like what they mean: Hiss Snap Bang

3. Phonetic Intensives (page 198) By an obscure process, to some degree, the sounds connect to their meaning

4. Fl- = moving light Flame Flicker Flare Flash Flimmer

5. Gl = light, usually unmoving Glare Gleam Glint Glow glisten

6. Sl- = smoothly wet Slippery Slick Slide Slime Slop Slosh Slobber slushy

7. St- = strength Staunch Stalwart Stout Sturdy Stable Steady Stocky Stern Strong Stubborn steel

8. Short i = idea of smallness Inch Imp Thin Slim Little Bit Chip Sliver Chick Slit sip Whit Tittle Snip Wink Glint Glimmer Flicker Pigmy Midge Chick Kid Kitten Minikin miniature

9. Long O- and –oo- = suggest melancholy or sorrow Moan Groan Woe Mourn Forlorn Toll Doom Gloom moody

10. Final –are = idea of a big light or noise Flare Glare Stare blare

11. Medial –att- suggests some kind of particled movement Spatter Scatter Shatter Chatter Rattle Prattle Clatter batter

12. Final –er –le = repetition Glitter Flutter Shimmer whisper Jabber Chatter Clatter Sputter Slicker Twitter Mutter Ripple Bubble Sparkle Twinkle Rattle Rumble jingle

13. Sounds (“Those Winter Sundays”) Euphonic – smooth and pleasant Cacaphonic – harsh and discordant

14. Liquid Consonants L M N R Soft v Soft f Th Wh

15. Plosives Harsher and sharper in effect B D G K P T