1. Spring 92 Shahid Chamran university of Ahvaz SCHEMATA & DISCOURSE PROCESSING (P 1)

2.  Schemata  Genres  Narrative Discourse Processing  Inaccessibility of Knowledge  Strategies improving Discourse Comprehension(P2)  Conclusion  Schemata  Genres  Narrative Discourse Processing  Inaccessibility of Knowledge  Strategies improving Discourse Comprehension(P2) SCHEMATA & DISCOURSE PROCESSING (P 1) topics 2/13

3. -a schema is a…. -the notion associates to the early work on story recall by Bartlett (1932) -Bartlett: Remembering is not a reproductive & rote process but rather….. -Experiments & guiding function of schemata in the reconstruction process  Schemata  Genres  Narrative Discourse Processing  Inaccessibility of Knowledge  Strategies improving Discourse Comprehension(P2) SCHEMATA & DISCOURSE PROCESSING (P 1) Schemata 3/13

4. Related to schema he focused on 2 issues: 1) Activation of Appropriate schemata In accordance with studies lack of relevant schema=poor comprehension ( EX: obscure passages) 2) Reconstruction of Schema-Specific Details Certain details central to the schema r summoned up by activated schema (passages with/without title).  Schemata  Genres  Narrative Discourse Processing  Inaccessibility of Knowledge  Strategies improving Discourse Comprehension(P2) SCHEMATA & DISCOURSE PROCESSING (P 1) Schemata 4/13

5. During comprehension, activated schema has strong effect on recall. o Discourse Structure Local DS Global DS  Schemata  Genres  Narrative Discourse Processing  Inaccessibility of Knowledge  Strategies improving Discourse Comprehension(P2) SCHEMATA & DISCOURSE PROCESSING (P 1) Schemata 5/13

6. Schemata can be connected to certain forms of discourse such as genres. Genres provide us with general expectations regarding the way information in a discourse will be arranged. Different genres are associated with different types of schemata. Schemata  Genres  Narrative Discourse Processing  Inaccessibility of Knowledge  Strategies improving Discourse Comprehension(P2) SCHEMATA & DISCOURSE PROCESSING (P 1) Genres 6/13

7. EX of genres: Narrative Discourse & Expository Discourse, ND = The writer tells a story. ED = The writer conveys information about the subject matter. Schemata  Genres  Narrative Discourse Processing  Inaccessibility of Knowledge  Strategies improving Discourse Comprehension(P2) SCHEMATA & DISCOURSE PROCESSING (P 1) Genres 7/13

8. Story Grammar is a schema in semantic memory that…. SG view narratives as consisting of a setting, one/more episodes & an ending. Psychological validity of SGs: The SG puts emphasis on the concept of an episode as an important unit in our memory for stories. Schemata Genres  Narrative Discourse Processing  Inaccessibility of Knowledge  Strategies improving Discourse Comprehension(P2) SCHEMATA & DISCOURSE PROCESSING (P 1) Narrative Discourse Processing 8/13

9. By which we mean failing to activate…. No activation of kno = impaired comprehension Anomalous suspense Expectation of uniqueness (Gerrig,1989,1993) Schemata Genres Narrative Discourse Processing  Inaccessibility of Knowledge  Strategies improving Discourse Comprehension(P2) SCHEMATA & DISCOURSE PROCESSING (P 1) Inaccessibility of Knowledge 9/13

10.  two important finding about Narrative Discourse :  Readers tend to read outcomes being consistent with their expectations & preferences.  The ability to elicit emotional & cognitive responses may be a distinguishing feature of narrative. Schemata Genres Narrative Discourse Processing  Inaccessibility of Knowledge  Strategies improving Discourse Comprehension(P2) SCHEMATA & DISCOURSE PROCESSING (P 1) Inaccessibility of Knowledge 10/13

11. Actively Processing Discourse Connecting Propositions in Discourse Identifying the Main Points Building Global Structures & Tailoring Comprehension Activities to Tests Schemata Genres Narrative Discourse Processing Inaccessibility of Knowledge  Strategies improving Discourse Comprehension(P2) SCHEMATA & DISCOURSE PROCESSING (P 1) Strategies improving discourse comprehension 11/13

12. Some difficulties in learning are traceable to differences in schemata between students & authors/lecturers. In the absence of a familiar schema we must pay closer attention to local discourse structure. Ultimately, our comprehension depends on our ability to induce the relevant scheme of the author. Schemata Genres Narrative Discourse Processing Inaccessibility of Knowledge Strategies improving Discourse Comprehension(P2) SCHEMATA & DISCOURSE PROCESSING (P 1) Conclusion 12/13

13. Thanks for attention ? Schemata Genres Narrative Discourse Processing Inaccessibility of Knowledge Strategies improving Discourse Comprehension(P2) SCHEMATA & DISCOURSE PROCESSING (P 1) END 13/13 END