1. MATTER AND ENERGY

2. CHEMISTRY The study of the composition and changes that matter undergoes Changes may be: 1.physical 2.chemical 3.nuclear

3. Branches of Chemistry OrganicInorganic PhysicalAnalytical BiochemistryTheoretical

4. Chemical  Any substance that has a definite composition.

5. Matter 1.Anything that has mass 2.Takes up space

6. Mass  Measure of the amount of matter.  Measured in grams using a balance.

7. Weight  Measure of the gravitational force exerted on an object.  Measured in Newtons using a scale.

8. Basic Building Blocks of Matter 1.atom 2.element 3.compound

9. States of Matter

10. Properties of Matter May be: 1.Physical-These may be measured or observed without changing the identity of the substance 2.Chemical- these describe the substance's ability to undergo changes that transform it into different substances

11. Changes in matter 1.Physical changes-do not involve a change in the identity of the substance. 2.Chemical changes - Two or more substances are converted into different substances.

12. Chemical Change REACTANTS PRODUCTS

13. EVIDENCE OF A CHEMICAL REACTION 1.Change in color 2.Change in Odor 3.Change in energy 4.Formation of a precipitate 5.Effervescence 6.Evolution of heat or light

14. Extensive Properties  Depend on the amount of matter present.  Examples are volume, mass, amount of energy in a substance.

15. Intensive properties  DO NOT depend on the amount of matter present.  Examples are melting point, boiling point, density, electrical conductivity.

16. ENERGY The ability to do work. Measured in Joules (J)

17. Forms of Energy

18. Changes in Energy Endothermic

20. Entropy  The number of possible ways that the energy of a system can be disturbed. (The measure of disorder of a system.)  Represented by the symbol S

21. Entropy

22. 1.Entropy of a gas is greater than that of solids or liquids. 2.Entropy increases in a chemical rxn when the total number of product molecules is greater than the total number of reactant molecules. 3.Entropy increases with a temperature increase.

23.  2 nd Law of Thermodynamics- Spontaneous processes always proceed in such a way that the entropy of the universe increases.  A spontaneous process is any physical or chemical change that once begun, occurs with no outside intervention.

24. Processes in Nature  Processes in nature are driven toward the lowest energy and the highest entropy.

25. Law of Conservation of Matter and Energy Matter/Energy can neither be created nor destroyed. The mass of the reactants = the mass of the products. Einstein's equation shows that matter and energy can be interconverted and supports the Law of Conservation of Matter and Energy. E = mc 2 This law was proposed by Antoine Laurent Lavoisier.

27. Classes of Elements 1.Metals 2.Nonmetals 3.Metalloids 4.Noble Gases