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PHENOTYPIC EVALUATION OF GROUNDNUT GERMPLASM UNDER HEAT AND DROUGHT STRESS Third WECARD/CORAF Agricultural Science Week Ndjamena, 14-19 May 2012 Falalou Hamidou ICRISAT Niger
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Introduction Research Methods Results and discussions Conclusions Outline
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Drought and heat: - crops production constraints - Increase due to climate change - food insecurity, poverty in Sahel Groundnut: - Sahelian poor-resources farmers - production decreasing - by 2025, yield loss 11-25% and $500 M/Y Crucial to investigate groundnut response to drought and heat stress Selection of adapted lines for improving productivity INTRODUCTION
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Sadore, Ideal location for screening for drought and heat tolerance INTRODUCTION
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Field Pots (Greenhouse) Objectives: Select new sources of Intermittent drought and heat tolerance-Identify tolerance traits Research Methods Approach : combine field and control conditions Lysimetre
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Higher VPD and soil temperature under HT than MT conditions MT = moderate temperature (rainy season), HT = high temperature (hot off-season), 08-09-10 = 2008, 2009 and 2010 Intermittent drought: flowering time Methods
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Wide genotypic variation under WW and WS Decrease: 72% in HT, 55% in MT Results and discussions Pod yield of screened groundnut reference collection WW WS WW = well-watered WS = water stress Hamidou et al., 2012. Field Crops Res, 126, 189-199
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WW WS - representation of all Geno and Env, - Env similarity/dissimilarity, - Geno distribution across Env Mega Environments under ww and ws, GxE interaction Genotype and Genotype by Environment (GGE) biplot:
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WS Specific adaptation: Which won where? Winning geno: - MT08: 46, 205 - MT09: 168, 145 - HT :111, 205 Broad adapted geno - MTHT: 205, 35 Traits/mechanisms DS ≠ DS+HS
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High correlation between pod yield and partition rate under WS conditions Which traits/mechanisms? Partition rate = dry matter partitioned into pods Hamidou et al., J. Agro Crop Sci, In press
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Contrasting genotypes under different environments and water regimes MT > HT, heat effect on pod formation and/or assimilates remobilization
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Ongoing and future research on contrasting lines Water extraction and reproductive process under drought/heat stress in lysimetric system QTLs for drought and heat tolerance traits
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Conclusions Genotypic variation for drought and heat tolerance Pod yield decrease HT>MT Heat effects on reproductive process in groundnut GxE interaction exists, investigation of tolerance traits Partition rate revealed a drought and heat tolerance trait
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Acknowledgements We are grateful to : - Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation for the financial support (Tropical Legume I project) - CORAF/WECARD for the financial support to participate to this Third Agricultural Science Week - Technicians and students of physiology laboratory, ICRISAT Sadore-Niger
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THANKS FOR YOUR ATTENTION MERCI BEAUCOUP
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