1. PHENOTYPIC EVALUATION OF GROUNDNUT GERMPLASM UNDER HEAT AND DROUGHT STRESS Third WECARD/CORAF Agricultural Science Week Ndjamena, 14-19 May 2012 Falalou Hamidou ICRISAT Niger

2.  Introduction  Research Methods  Results and discussions  Conclusions Outline

3.  Drought and heat: - crops production constraints - Increase due to climate change - food insecurity, poverty in Sahel  Groundnut: - Sahelian poor-resources farmers - production decreasing - by 2025, yield loss 11-25% and $500 M/Y  Crucial to investigate groundnut response to drought and heat stress  Selection of adapted lines for improving productivity INTRODUCTION

4. Sadore, Ideal location for screening for drought and heat tolerance INTRODUCTION

5. Field Pots (Greenhouse) Objectives: Select new sources of Intermittent drought and heat tolerance-Identify tolerance traits Research Methods  Approach : combine field and control conditions Lysimetre

6. Higher VPD and soil temperature under HT than MT conditions MT = moderate temperature (rainy season), HT = high temperature (hot off-season), 08-09-10 = 2008, 2009 and 2010 Intermittent drought: flowering time Methods

7.  Wide genotypic variation under WW and WS  Decrease: 72% in HT, 55% in MT Results and discussions Pod yield of screened groundnut reference collection WW WS WW = well-watered WS = water stress Hamidou et al., 2012. Field Crops Res, 126, 189-199

8. WW WS - representation of all Geno and Env, - Env similarity/dissimilarity, - Geno distribution across Env Mega Environments under ww and ws, GxE interaction Genotype and Genotype by Environment (GGE) biplot:

9. WS Specific adaptation: Which won where? Winning geno: - MT08: 46, 205 - MT09: 168, 145 - HT :111, 205 Broad adapted geno - MTHT: 205, 35 Traits/mechanisms DS ≠ DS+HS

10. High correlation between pod yield and partition rate under WS conditions Which traits/mechanisms? Partition rate = dry matter partitioned into pods Hamidou et al., J. Agro Crop Sci, In press

11. Contrasting genotypes under different environments and water regimes MT > HT, heat effect on pod formation and/or assimilates remobilization

12. Ongoing and future research on contrasting lines  Water extraction and reproductive process under drought/heat stress in lysimetric system  QTLs for drought and heat tolerance traits

13. Conclusions Genotypic variation for drought and heat tolerance Pod yield decrease HT>MT Heat effects on reproductive process in groundnut GxE interaction exists, investigation of tolerance traits Partition rate revealed a drought and heat tolerance trait

14. Acknowledgements We are grateful to : - Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation for the financial support (Tropical Legume I project) - CORAF/WECARD for the financial support to participate to this Third Agricultural Science Week - Technicians and students of physiology laboratory, ICRISAT Sadore-Niger

15. THANKS FOR YOUR ATTENTION MERCI BEAUCOUP