1. Nations develop Objective: to analyze the actions of Monarchs and how they shaped England and France’s geography

2. Henry II King of England 1154-1189 AD chapter 1 England Also feudal lord in France (1/2)-inherited Normandy from his great grandfather-WTC Married Eleanor of Aquitaine-added more of France to his holdings as she was wealthiest European lady. Vassal of Louis VII but better soldier so victorious over him

3. Ch 2 of England King Richard I 1189-1199AD Hero of King’s crusade The “Lionhearted” defended French lands valiantly Died after only 10 years of ruling John “softsword” his brother took throne 1199-1216 AD John ruled cruelly and lost many lands as he was a terrible soldier LOST many lands to Phillip II

4. Ch 3 turn of tides England loses land to France Phillip Augustus watched his father lose to Henry II, now his turn to win back his father’s claims in 1180 at 15 1204 he took Normandy from John 1206 took rest of lands in N France from John Only S France (Aquitaine & Gascony) loyal to John Phillip triples lands for French King and becomes more powerful than vassals, setting the stage for 2 separate Nations : France and England

5. John is limited: Magna Carta-power changes John was selfish, cruel, dishonorable and his subjects disliked him-so Used his defeats by France and cynical lustful character as a reason to create the MAGNA CARTA 1215 Runnymede (along Thames), Barons, Bishops, signed great charter that limited king’s power:

6. Magna Carta: Guarantees basic rights Taxes only levied if common consent is made(King and King’s Great Council-Barons) (no taxation with out representation) No freeman arrested without a jury/trail. Law protects all-due process of law Limited Monarchy- even king follows law and customs: LAW above King!