1. HIV/AIDS Kuna High School Mr. Stanley

2. Questions 1. Write an example of how your immune system helps prevent you from getting diseases.

3. Terms to know Epidemic - a widespread occurrence of an infectious disease in a community at a particular time Pandemic - (of a disease) prevalent over a whole country or the world

4. Terms to Know - HIV HHuman IImmuno-deficiency: because the virus causes a deficiency which means that the body’s immune system is unable to work properly VVirus: because the HIV is a virus it is unable to reproduce by itself. It has to take over the other cells in the body and use them to help it reproduce.

5. Terms to Know - AIDS AAcquired: because it is a condition that the person must acquire or get infected with. It is not transmitted through genes. IImmune: because it effects the immune system DDeficiency: because it makes the immune system deficient, it stops it working SSyndrome: because someone with AIDS may experience a wide range of symptoms Many doctors no longer use the term AIDS Instead they will refer to late-stage or advanced HIV infection. This is because a persons CD4 count can vary around the 200 level, sometimes it may be higher or lower AIDS (acquired immune deficiency syndrome) is the final stage of HIV disease, which causes severe damage to the immune system.

6. Key Points HIV is the virus that causes AIDS. AIDS is the result of HIV infection. HIV infection can be prevented. HIV is not spread through everyday casual contact. People cannot get HIV when they give blood.

7. HIV and AIDS AIDS is one of the most deadly diseases in history. AIDS is caused by HIV (Human immunodeficiency virus) HIV destroys the body’s defense system (the immune system). Thousands of teens in the U.S. become infected each year.

8. Symptoms of AIDS Extreme weakness and fatigue Rapid weight loss Frequent fevers with not explanation Heavy sweating at night Swollen lymph glands Minor infections that cause skin rashes and mouth, genital, and anal sores. White spots in the mouth or throat Chronic diarrhea A cough that won’t go away Short-term memory loss

9. How is HIV treated? There is NO cure. If you think you or your partner may have HIV or AIDS you need to see a healthcare provider who can do blood tests. Prevention is the only way to protect yourself from contracting the virus.

10. Red blood cells Use Hemoglobin to carry oxygen. Carry 300% more oxygen than plasma Carries CO2 and waste away from tissue.

11. White blood cell Types of WBCs Neutrophils Eosinophils Basophiles Monocytes Helper T cells Cytotoxic T cells Memory T cells Suppressor T cells

12. HIV Human Immunodeficiency Virus Advanced Immunodeficiency Syndrome Transferred through direct bodily contact Attacks Helper T-cells Can only be transferred through unprotected intercourse and the sharing of needles

13. CD 4 + T-cell Point 1: Get Information HIV Lifecycle 4 38

14. Point 1: Get Information HIV Lifecycle 4 Step 1: Attach & Enter 39

15. Point 1: Get Information HIV Lifecycle 4 Step 1: Attach & Enter Step 2: HIV Talks to the Cell 40

16. Point 1: Get Information HIV Lifecycle 4 Step 3: HIV Takes Control of the Cell 41 Step 1: Attach & Enter Step 2: HIV Talks to the Cell

17. Point 1: Get Information HIV Lifecycle 4 Step 4: Making Virus Parts 42 Step 3: HIV Takes Control of the Cell Step 1: Attach & Enter Step 2: HIV Talks to the Cell

18. Point 1: Get Information HIV Lifecycle 4 Step 5: Build & Release 43 Step 4: Making Virus Parts Step 3: HIV Takes Control of the Cell Step 1: Attach & Enter Step 2: HIV Talks to the Cell

19. How HIV is Not Spread HIV is not spread through everyday casual contact.

20. How HIV is Spread HIV is spread By having vaginal, anal, or oral sex with an infected person. By sharing needles or syringes with and infected person. During pregnancy, birth or breast feeding from an infected mother to her baby. Body fluids of an infected person that spread HIV: SemenVaginal fluid Blood Breast milk

21. HIV Infection People infected with HIV- May look and feel health for a long time. Can infect others even if they don’t look or fell sick. May have symptoms that are like those of many other illnesses. When people develop AIDS, they may get illnesses that healthy people usually don’t get. Only a test can show if someone is infected with HIV. ELISA - a test that screens for the presence of HIV antibodies in the blood. Only a doctor can diagnose AIDS.

22. Fact

31. When does HIV become AIDS? 1500 to 800 CD4- Average healthy person Below 500 CD4- HIV+ person at risk from Opportunistic Infections 200 CD4Person is considered to have AIDS CD4 COUNT ! In many developing countries they are unable to conduct the difficult CD4 count tests. In these countries AIDS is diagnosed by looking at the symptoms that the person has.

32. What are Opportunistic Infections? As the CD4 count of the HIV infected person drops their immune system becomes less effective. They are more vulnerable to other infections which would be effectively kept under control with a healthy immune system. These infections are known as opportunistic infections (opportunistic illness), as they take the opportunity to take advantage of the weak immune system. It is gradually these infections rather than the HIV that will kill the infected person. Some of the most common opportunistic infections are: PCP: a rare type of pneumonia. CMV: a type of herpes that can cause blindness, brain and lung problems. Cancers: as the immune system is unable to keep the growth of cells under control. TB

33. How long does it take for HIV to turn into AIDS? Developed World: On average a person can live for up to 10 years before they get ill. Without treatment the time between AIDS and death is about 12-24 months. Now that there are anti-HIV drugs it is thought that people will be able to live longer. Developing World: On average an HIV+ person can live up to between 6 and 8 years before they get ill. In most developing countries there is minimum access to drugs and the time between illness and death is shorter. This is because people in developing countries are unable to eat enough nutritious food; they lead stressed filled lives and are often exposed to multiple infections There is not just one straight forward answer. A lot depends on what part of the world the HIV+ person is from.

34. About 14,000 new HIV infections a day in 2005 More than 95% are in low and middle income countries Almost 2000 are in children under 15 years of age About 12,000 are in persons aged 15 to 49 years, of whom: — almost 50% are women — about 50% are 15–24 year olds

35. Why are young people so vulnerable to HIV? Experimentation Risk taking Feeling of invincibility Lack of self esteem Peer pressure Lack of information/education Political reasons Gender issues Young people are more infectious

36. HIV Testing People who think they are at risk of HIV infection are encouraged to seek counseling and testing. Do not donate blood to get tested for HIV. Source: American Red Cross HIV/AIDS Program: HIV Education and Prevention

37. Question 2. Who should we test? A. Why? B. Why not? 3. Who should know the results of HIV/AIDS testing? A. Why? B. Why not? 4. At your table discuss who should be test and who should know the results of the test. Write down what your table decided.

47. Blood Supply The risk of getting HIV from a blood transfusion in the U.S. is extremely low. All blood donors are screened for their risk of HIV. All donated blood is tested. All blood that tests positive for signs of HIV is destroyed. Source: American Red Cross HIV/AIDS Program: HIV Education and Prevention

48. Donating Blood HIV/AIDS STD's Tattoo/Piercing

49. Travel You are not eligible to donate if: From January 1, 1980, through December 31, 1996, you spent (visited or lived) a cumulative time of 3 months or more, in the United Kingdom (UK), or From January 1, 1980, to present, you had a blood transfusion in any country(ies) in the (UK). The UK includes any of the countries listed below.

50. Travel You were a member of the of the U.S. military, a civilian military employee, or a dependent of a member of the U.S. military who spent a total time of 6 months on or associated with a military base in any of the following areas during the specified time frames

51. Travel You spent (visited or lived) a cumulative time of 5 years or more from January 1, 1980, to present, in any combination of country(ies) in Europe, including countries

52. Universal Precautions What are Universal precautions?

53. Universal Precautions Universal precautions are work practices that help prevent contact with blood and certain other body fluids. Universal precautions are: Your best protection against HIV (the virus that causes AIDS), hepatitis B and some other infectious diseases. Required in certain jobs. Can help prevent illness and save lives—including your own!

54. How Universal Precautions Work Certain infectious diseases are caused by viruses. For example: AIDS is caused by HIV (human immunodeficiency virus). HIV attacks the body’s natural defense against disease. Hepatitis B is caused by HBV (hepatitis B virus). Hepatitis C is caused by HCV (hepatitis C virus). HBV and HCV attack the liver and can result in severe illness—even death.

55. Preventing Infection Universal precautions help prevent infection through the use of: protective barriers, such as gloves, gowns, masks and goggles safe work practices, such as proper disposal of sharps and proper hand washing.

57. Questions 5. What is a pandemic disease? 6. What high risk behavior can lead to teens becoming infected with a STD or HIV? 7. Why are teens less likely than adults to seek medical attention for an STD? 8. What is AIDS? 9. Explain the ways HIV is know to be transmitted. 10. Why are there so many myths surrounding AIDS? 11. Name two ways teens can reduce their risk of HIV infection.