1. Bismarck. Copy your favorite Otto von Bismarck quote. Then, explain why you think he made this comment. Laws are like sausages; it is better not to see them being made. Never believe anything in politics until it has been officially denied. People never lie so much as after a hunt, during a war or before an election. The main thing is to make history, not to write it. There is a Providence that protects idiots, drunkards, children and the United States of America. When a man says he approves of something in principle, it means he hasn't the slightest intention of carrying it out in practice. When you want to fool the world, tell the truth.

2. Italian Unification

3. Let’s Grade It! 1. List some of the reasons it was difficult for Italy to unify during the early 1800s.

4. Let’s Grade It! 2. Why did Mazzini and other nationalists believe Italy should become a single, independent nation?

5. Let’s Grade It! 3. What steps did Cavour take to strengthen Sardinia and to promote unity among northern Italian city-states?

6. Let’s Grade It! 4. What path did Garibaldi and his men take in their quest to unite Southern Italy?

7. Let’s Grade It! 5. How was unification of northern and southern Italy achieved?

8. Giuseppe Mazzini (The Heart) Camillo Cavour (The Brain) Giuseppe Garibaldi (The Sword) Victor Emmanuel II (The King)

9. Giuseppe Mazzini 1805-1872 First leader of a “united Italy” movement “Young Italy” movement Outst Austria and France Create an Italy for Italians get rid of outside forces that dictate power in Italy Exiled

13. Result: Sardinia unifies Northern Italy

14. Result: Garibaldi controls Southern Italy

15. 1870: Victor Emmanuel II rules unified Italy

16. Issues for Italy Regional differences Uncooperative Church Social unrest Industrialization Emigration

17. Let’s Grade It! 6. What problems did Italians experience after unification?

18. Let’s Grade It! How were the unification processes of Germany and Italy similar? How did the unification processes of these two nations differ?

19. p.346 Fall of the Ottoman Empire Read p. 346. Then design a political cartoon that depicts the reason(s) for the fall of the Ottoman Empire

20. Look how big Austria-Hungary is!

21. Major Nationalities in Eastern Europe, 1800-1914 What effect do you think nationalism will have on the Austro-Hungarian Empire?

22. Your Task Utilize pages 343-353 to complete the reading guide. Be sure to provide detailed responses and/or complete sentences when required. This assignment will be graded at the beginning of the hour on Tuesday. If you have not handed in your European maps handout from this unit (of Germany, Italy, and the Balkans), you must do so by the end of the block to earn full credit.