1. CLASSIFYING LIVING ORGANISMS I.History of Classification II.Classification system III.Vertebrates/Invertebrates IV.5 Kingdoms

2. CLASSIFICATION UNIT VOCAB #1-6 1.Classification – the grouping of things according to similar characteristics 2.Organism – any living thing 3.Taxonomy – the science of classification 4.Kingdom – a major, large group of similar organisms 5.Genus – a number of similar, closely related species 6.Species – individuals that are similar in appearance and behavior and can produce offspring

3. LESSON 1: THE FIVE KINGDOMS 1.Give an example of how you classify objects in your home. (kitchen, garage, office, etc…) 2.What are 2 characteristics the hawk and the bat share? 3.What are 2 differences between the hawk and the bat? 4.Give an example of a kingdom you have learned about in history class. How does it relate to the 5 kingdoms on page 95? 5.List the 5 kingdoms. (use Monerans instead of Bacteria) Textbook pages 94-95

4. HISTORY OF CLASSIFICATION Read the online document “History of Classification” and answer these questions: 1.Scientists have identified more than ________________ different types of living things. 2.The science of classification is a branch of biology known as ____________________. 3.Aristotle divided organisms into these two groups: ____________________________. 4.What did Aristotle ignore when he devised his classification system? 5.Who created the classification system that we use today? 6.What is the naming system called that he developed? 7.What are the two parts to each name in this system? 8.How many names does each living organism have? 9.What two purposes does the Linneaus naming system have?

5. LINNAEUS’S SYSTEM OF CLASSIFICATION Brain Pop classification

7. HISTORY OF CLASSIFICATION QUIZ Answer in complete sentences: 1.What is a the name of scientist who study the classification of organisms called? 2.Who created the classification system we use today and what purposes does it have for scientists today? 3.What language are the scientific names for organisms written in? 4.What are the two parts of each name in the classification system? 5.Why are the bat and the bird not classified as the same species? 6.Scientists have identified more than ___________ different types of living things. Will this be all the organisms that are discovered? Why or why not?

8. CLASSIFICATION UNIT VOCAB #7-11: 7.Carl Linnaeus – 18 th century Swedish scientist who developed the two name classification system we use today 8.Binomial nomenclature – classification system giving each organism two names, a genus and species name (ex. homo sapiens) 9.Homo sapiens - the scientific name for humans 10.Animal - living organisms that can breathe and move, are multi- celled, and cannot make their own food 11.Plants - contain chlorophyll to make their own food, have multiple cells and cellulose, can't move

9. CLASSIFICATION UNIT VOCAB #12-15: 12.Monerans – simple, singled celled organisms that don’t have a nucleus (bacteria) 13.Protists –single celled organisms that have a nucleus (algae, amoebas, diatoms) 14.Fungi – multicellular organisms that have a nucleus and absorb the organism that it is growing on (mushrooms, yeast, and molds) 15.Spores - single reproductive cells which grow into a new plant

10. CLASSIFICATION UNIT VOCAB #16-20: 16.Metabolize - chemical processes in cells that are essential to life 17.Autotrophs – organisms that can make their own food 18.Heterotrophs – organisms that can’t make their own food 19.Vertebrate – an animal with a backbone 20.Invertebrate – an animal without a backbone

11. CLASSIFICATION UNIT VOCAB #21-25: 21.fish - aquatic animals with gills, rubbery skeletons, lay eggs (fish, sharks, eels) 22.amphibians - young breathe with gills, adults have lungs, cold- blooded, lay eggs (frogs, toads, salamanders) 23.reptiles - cold-blooded animals who live in warm places, lay leathery eggs (snakes, lizards, alligators, turtles) 24.birds - covered in feathers, hollow bones, two legs and two wings, lay eggs (ostriches, chickens) 25.mammals - skin covered in hair, nurse their young with milk, give live birth, warm-blooded (kangaroos, mice, whales, humans)

12. CLASSIFICATION SYSTEM 1.Draw the Linnaeus classification system in your journal. 2.Create a mnemonic device to remember the Order of Classification. Examples: King Phillip Came Over For Great Spaghetti King Phillip Coughed On Fred & he Got Sick 3.How do the relationships among organisms change as they are classified into more exact groups? 4.What is the largest group used to classify living things? The most specific? 5.Two plants are named Vinca minor and Vinca rosea. Are they close relatives? Explain. Textbook pages 96-97 Classification RAPScience Channel-Bill Nye

13. THE 5 KINGDOMS 1.Plants 2.Animals 3.Fungi 4.Protists 5.Monerans

14. ANIMAL KINGDOM - VERTEBRATES 1.Mammals -warm blooded, have hair, produce milk for young Monkeys, mice, whales, kangaroos, people 2.Birds -warm blooded, hollow bones, lay eggs, feathers 3.Reptiles -cold blooded, live in warm places, lungs, lay eggs, dry scaly skin Snakes, lizards, alligators, crocodiles, turtles 4.Fish -cold blooded, gills, lay eggs 5.Amphibians -cold blooded, lungs & gills, moist skin (no scales), lay eggs Frogs, toads, & salamanders

15. ANIMAL KINGDOM - INVERTEBRATES 1. Sponges -no body openings, live in water 2. Worms -two body openings, simple nervous system Flatworms, roundworms, segmented worms 3. Mollusks -soft bodies, 3 body parts (head, body, foot) Clams, oysters, squid, octopus, snails 4. Arthropods -bodies divided into segments, legs with several joints, exoskeleton, (largest subgroup) Insects (largest group of animals on land), spiders, crabs, lobsters, scorpions, centipedes, millipedes 5. Echinoderms -external skeletons, 5 body parts Starfish, sea urchin, sea cucumber, sand dollar Cool Fact! 97% of the animal kingdom are invertebrates, 3% are vertebrates

16. ANIMAL KINGDOM: VERTEBRATES AND INVERTEBRATES 1.Create a table that lists: the 5 classes of vertebrates, characteristics of each, and an example of the animal in the class. mammals, birds, reptiles, amphibians, fish 2.Create a table the lists: the 5 classes of invertebrates, characteristics of each, and an example of the animal in the class. sponges, worms, mollusks, echinoderms, arthropods Textbook pages 104-107

17. FUNGI Multi-celled organisms Heterotrophs (absorb food from living or dead organisms) Live off dead of living organisms (like dead trees)- decomposers Examples: mushrooms, molds, mildew, & yeast (single-celled fungi) Fungi Video 14:43

18. PROTISTS Single celled organisms Eukaryotes (have a nucleus) Some are heterotrophs, some are autotrophs Examples: fungi, protozoa, amoeba, algae, blue-green algae, diatoms Protist VideoProtist Video 3:11

19. MONERANS Smallest & most numerous of earth’s organisms Simple, singled celled organisms Prokaryotes (don’t have a nucleus) Heterotrophs AND Autotrophs Examples: bacteria & viruses Fun Fact! The total number of bacteria living in your mouth is greater than the number of people who have ever have lived! Fun Fact! The total number of bacteria living in your mouth is greater than the number of people who have ever have lived! Bacteria are the most numerous organisms on earth & live EVERYWHERE (even where nothing wants to live!)